Pinch-to-release cannula depth limiter

ABSTRACT

A depth limiter that is configured to couple with a cannula of a surgical access device. The depth limiter includes first and second user contact portions and first and second biasing features. The first biasing feature includes a first resilient portion and a first gripping surface. The second biasing feature includes a second resilient portion and a second gripping surface. The first and second resilient portions are configured to move the respective first and second gripping surfaces from a fixed configuration to a movable configuration when the respective first and second user contact portions are actuated. In the fixed configuration, the first and second gripping surfaces collectively restrict axial movement of the depth limiter by directly contacting the cannula. In the movable configuration, the first and second gripping surfaces extend parallel to a longitudinal axis and allow for axial movement of the depth limiter relative to the cannula.

PRIORITY

This application claims priority to Indian Provisional Pat. App. No.202011018670, entitled “Pinch-to-Release Cannula Depth Limiter,” filedon May 1, 2020.

BACKGROUND

Some surgical procedures may require a clinician to access a surgicalsite via the abdominal cavity of a patient. To gain such access, anopening is first formed through the abdominal wall tissue overlying theabdominal cavity. In some surgical procedures (referred to as“laparoscopic” or “endoscopic” surgeries), a relatively small opening ismade through the abdominal wall tissue, and the surgical site is thenaccessed with elongate instruments inserted through an access devicegenerally referred to as a “trocar” positioned within the opening.Traditional trocars generally include a cannula assembly and anobturator that is removably received within a working channel of thecannula assembly. In use, the obturator is mated with the cannulaassembly, and the combined structure (i.e., the trocar) is directed by aclinician downwardly through the abdominal wall of the patient such thatthe distal ends of the obturator and the cannula assembly extend intothe abdominal cavity. The clinician then withdraws the obturator fromthe cannula assembly so that surgical instruments may be directeddownwardly through the working channel of the cannula assembly to accessthe surgical site.

Merely exemplary versions of trocars, components thereof, and othervarieties of surgical access devices are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.7,981,092, entitled “Vibratory Trocar,” issued Jul. 19, 2011; U.S. Pat.No. 8,226,553, entitled “Access Device with Insert,” issued on Jul. 24,2012; U.S. Pat. No. 8,251,900, entitled “Surgical Access Devices andMethods Providing Seal Movement in Predefined Paths,” issued on Aug. 28,2012; U.S. Pat. No. 8,579,807, entitled “Absorbing Fluids in a SurgicalAccess Device,” issued on Nov. 12, 2013; U.S. Pat. No. 8,568,362,entitled “Surgical Access Device with Sorbents,” issued on Oct. 29,2013; U.S. Pat. No. 8,636,686, entitled “Surgical Access Device,” issuedon Jan. 28, 2014; U.S. Pat. No. 8,690,831, entitled “Gas Jet FluidRemoval in a Trocar,” issued on Apr. 8, 2014; and U.S. Pat. Pub. No.2019/0000496, entitled “Method of Suturing a Trocar Path Incision,”published Jan. 3, 2019. The disclosure of each of the above-cited U.S.Patents and Publications is incorporated by reference herein.

While various kinds of surgical instruments, including surgical accessdevices and end effectors, and other associated components have beenmade and used, it is believed that no one prior to the inventor(s) hasmade or used the invention described in the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention,and, together with the general description of the invention given above,and the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve toexplain the principles of the present invention.

FIG. 1 depicts a perspective view of an exemplary trocar having acannula assembly and an obturator shown in an assembled state;

FIG. 2 depicts a side elevational view of the cannula assembly and theobturator of FIG. 1 in a disassembled state;

FIG. 3A depicts a side sectional view of the trocar of FIG. 1 beingmanipulated by a clinician through tissue layers of an abdominal wall;

FIG. 3B depicts an enlarged side sectional view of the trocar of FIG. 1, showing a distal end of the trocar received within the abdominalcavity of FIG. 3A;

FIG. 3C depicts a side sectional view of the cannula assembly of FIG. 1, showing the cannula assembly remaining positioned within the abdominalwall of FIG. 3A following detachment and removal of the obturator;

FIG. 3D depicts a side sectional view of the cannula assembly of FIG. 1being withdrawn proximally from the abdominal wall of FIG. 3A;

FIG. 4 depicts a perspective view of another exemplary trocar having acannula assembly and an obturator shown in an assembled state, where thecannula assembly includes a cannula tube;

FIG. 5 depicts a perspective view of the cannula assembly and theobturator of FIG. 4 in a disassembled state, showing a reusable cannulaand a disposable seal assembly of the cannula assembly separated fromone another, and showing the obturator in an exploded state;

FIG. 6 depicts a perspective view of the trocar of FIG. 4 and a firstexemplary depth limiter, where the depth limiter is in a fixedconfiguration that restricts axial movement of the depth limiterrelative to the cannula tube of the cannula assembly of the trocar;

FIG. 7 depicts a perspective view of the depth limiter of FIG. 6 , withengagement features shown in phantom;

FIG. 8A depicts a top plan view of the depth limiter of FIG. 7 and thecannula tube of FIG. 6 shown in cross-section, where an upper housingportion of the depth limiter is removed to show the depth limiter in amovable configuration allowing for axial movement of the depth limiterrelative to the cannula tube when actuated by a user;

FIG. 8B depicts a top plan view of the depth limiter and the cannulatube of FIG. 8A, but with the depth limiter in the fixed configurationof FIG. 6 ;

FIG. 9 depicts a cross-sectional view of the depth limiter of FIG. 7taken along line 9-9 of FIG. 7 ;

FIG. 10 depicts an exploded view of the depth limiter of FIG. 7 ;

FIG. 11 depicts a perspective view of a second exemplary depth limiter;

FIG. 12A depicts a top plan view of the depth limiter of FIG. 11 coupledwith the cannula tube of FIG. 5 which is shown in cross-section, wherean upper housing portion of the depth limiter is removed to show thedepth limiter in a movable configuration allowing for axial movement ofthe depth limiter relative to the cannula tube when actuated by a user;

FIG. 12B depicts a top plan view of the depth limiter and cannula tubeof FIG. 12A, but with the depth limiter in a fixed configuration thatrestricts axial movement of the depth limiter relative to the cannulatube;

FIG. 13 depicts an exploded view of the depth limiter of FIG. 11 ;

FIG. 14 depicts a perspective view of another exemplary cannula coupledwith a third exemplary depth limiter, where the depth limiter is in afixed configuration that restricts axial movement of the depth limiterrelative to a cannula tube of the cannula;

FIG. 15 depicts a perspective view of the depth limiter of FIG. 14 ;

FIG. 16A depicts a top plan view of the depth limiter and the cannulatube of FIG. 14 with the cannula tube being shown in cross-section,where the depth limiter is in a movable configuration allowing for axialmovement of the depth limiter relative to the cannula tube when actuatedby a user;

FIG. 16B depicts a top plan view of the depth limiter and the cannulatube of FIG. 16A, but with the depth limiter in the fixed configurationof FIG. 14 ;

FIG. 17 depicts a perspective view of a fourth exemplary depth limiter;

FIG. 18A depicts a top plan view of the depth limiter of FIG. 17 coupledwith the cannula tube of FIG. 6 that is shown in cross-section, wherethe depth limiter is in a movable configuration that allows for axialmovement of the depth limiter relative to the cannula tube when actuatedby a user;

FIG. 18B depicts a top plan view of the depth limiter and the cannulatube of FIG. 18A, but with the depth limiter in a fixed configurationthat restricts axial movement of the depth limiter relative to thecannula tube;

FIG. 19 depicts a perspective view of another exemplary cannula coupledwith a fifth exemplary depth limiter, where the depth limiter is in afixed configuration that restricts axial movement of the depth limiterrelative to a cannula tube of the cannula;

FIG. 20 depicts a perspective view of the depth limiter of FIG. 19 ;

FIG. 21 depicts a side elevational view of the depth limiter of FIG. 20;

FIG. 22A depicts a top plan view of the depth limiter and the cannulatube of FIG. 20 with the cannula tube being shown in cross-section,where the depth limiter is in a movable configuration that allows foraxial movement of the depth limiter relative to the cannula tube whenactuated by a user;

FIG. 22B depicts a top plan view of the depth limiter and cannula tubeof FIG. 22A, but with the depth limiter in a fixed configuration of FIG.19 ;

FIG. 23 depicts a perspective view of a sixth exemplary depth limiter;

FIG. 24 depicts a top plan view of the depth limiter of FIG. 23 , withthe housing being shown in phantom to expose biasing features;

FIG. 25A depicts a side partial cross-sectional view of the depthlimiter of FIG. 23 coupled with the cannula tube of FIG. 5 , where thedepth limiter is in a movable configuration that allows for axialmovement of the depth limiter relative to the cannula tube when actuatedby a user;

FIG. 25B depicts a side partial cross-sectional plan view of the depthlimiter and the cannula tube of FIG. 25A, but with the depth limiter ina fixed configuration that restricts axial movement of the depth limiterrelative to the cannula tube;

FIG. 26 depicts a perspective view of a seventh exemplary depth limiter;

FIG. 27A depicts a top plan view of the depth limiter of FIG. 26 coupledwith the cannula tube of FIG. 6 shown in cross-section, where an upperhousing portion of the depth limiter is partially removed to show thedepth limiter in a movable configuration allowing for axial movement ofthe depth limiter relative to the cannula tube when actuated by a user;

FIG. 27B depicts a top plan view of the depth limiter and the cannulatube of FIG. 27A, but with the depth limiter in a fixed configurationthat restricts axial movement of the depth limiter relative to thecannula tube;

FIG. 28 depicts an exploded view of the depth limiter of FIG. 26 ;

FIG. 29 depicts a perspective view of an eighth exemplary depth limiter;

FIG. 30 depicts a partial top sectional view of the depth limiter ofFIG. 30 and a cannula tube having a first diameter, where a housing ofthe depth limiter is partially removed to expose a biasing feature, aslot, and a slidable member, where the cannula tube is positionedbetween apertures of the housing and the slidable member in a fixedconfiguration that restricts axial movement of the depth limiterrelative to the cannula tube;

FIG. 31A depicts a partial top sectional view of the depth limiter ofFIG. 29 coupled with a cannula tube having a second diameter shown incross-section, where the depth limiter is in a movable configurationthat allows for axial movement of the depth limiter relative to thecannula tube when actuated by a user;

FIG. 31B depicts a top plan view of the depth limiter and the cannulatube of FIG. 31A with the cannula tube shown in cross-section, but withthe depth limiter in the fixed configuration similar to FIG. 30 ;

FIG. 32 depicts a perspective view of a ninth exemplary depth limiterthat includes four legs;

FIG. 33A depicts a partial side sectional view of the depth limiter ofFIG. 32 coupled with the cannula tube of the cannula assembly of thetrocar of FIG. 1 , where the legs of the depth limiter are in anon-deployed configuration when the distal end of the trocar receivedwithin the abdominal cavity;

FIG. 33B depicts a partial side sectional view of the depth limiter ofFIG. 32 coupled with the cannula tube of the cannula assembly of FIG. 1following detachment and removal of the obturator, where the legs of thedepth limiter are in a deployed configuration with a distal end of thecannula tube received within the abdominal cavity;

FIG. 34 depicts a perspective view of a tenth exemplary depth limiterthat includes two legs;

FIG. 35 depicts a perspective view of an eleventh exemplary depthlimiter that includes three legs;

FIG. 36 depicts a perspective view of a twelfth exemplary depth limiterthat includes a hub with notches;

FIG. 37A depicts a top plan view of the depth limiter of FIG. 36 coupledwith the cannula tube of the cannula assembly of FIG. 5 , where the hubof the depth limiter is in a movable configuration;

FIG. 37B depicts a partial side sectional view of the depth limiter ofFIG. 36 coupled with the cannula tube of the cannula assembly of FIG. 5following detachment and removal of the obturator, where the legs of thedepth limiter are in a fixed configuration;

FIG. 38A depicts a partial side sectional view of the depth limiter ofFIG. 36 coupled with the cannula tube of the cannula assembly of FIG. 5, where the legs of the depth limiter are in a deployed configuration;

FIG. 38B depicts a partial side sectional view of the depth limiter ofFIG. 36 coupled with the cannula tube of the cannula assembly of FIG. 5following detachment and removal of the obturator, where the legs of thedepth limiter are in a deployed configuration; and

FIG. 39 depicts a top sectional view of a thirteenth exemplary depthlimiter that includes a fluid chamber and four legs.

The drawings are not intended to be limiting in any way, and it iscontemplated that various embodiments of the invention may be carriedout in a variety of other ways, including those not necessarily depictedin the drawings. The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming apart of the specification illustrate several aspects of the presentinvention, and together with the description serve to explain theprinciples of the invention; it being understood, however, that thisinvention is not limited to the precise arrangements shown.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description of certain examples of the invention shouldnot be used to limit the scope of the present invention. Other examples,features, aspects, embodiments, and advantages of the invention willbecome apparent to those skilled in the art from the followingdescription, which is by way of illustration, one of the best modescontemplated for carrying out the invention. As will be realized, theinvention is capable of other different and obvious aspects, all withoutdeparting from the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and descriptionsshould be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.

For clarity of disclosure, the terms “proximal” and “distal” are definedherein relative to a surgeon, or other operator, grasping a surgicaldevice. The term “proximal” refers to the position of an elementarranged closer to the surgeon, and the term “distal” refers to theposition of an element arranged further away from the surgeon. Moreover,to the extent that spatial terms such as “top,” “bottom,” “upper,”“lower,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” or the like are used herein withreference to the drawings, it will be appreciated that such terms areused for exemplary description purposes only and are not intended to belimiting or absolute. In that regard, it will be understood thatsurgical instruments such as those disclosed herein may be used in avariety of orientations and positions not limited to those shown anddescribed herein.

Furthermore, the terms “about,” “approximately,” and the like as usedherein in connection with any numerical values or ranges of values areintended to encompass the exact value(s) referenced as well as asuitable tolerance that enables the referenced feature or combination offeatures to function for the intended purpose(s) described herein.

I. Exemplary Single-Use and Reusable Trocars

FIGS. 1-5 depict exemplary surgical access devices in the form of asingle-use first trocar (10) and a reusable second trocar (110), eachconfigured to provide surgical site access in a laparoscopic surgicalprocedure. Each trocar (10, 110) includes a cannula assembly (12, 112)having a working channel (14, 114), and an obturator (16, 116)configured to be removably inserted coaxially into the working channel(14, 114) so that the assembled trocar (10, 110) may be directeddistally through the abdominal wall of a patient and into the abdominalcavity, for example as described below in connection with FIGS. 3A-3D.

A. Exemplary Single-Use Trocar

As shown in FIGS. 1-2 , cannula assembly (12) of single-use trocar (10)includes a cannula (20) and a seal housing (30). Cannula (20) and sealhousing (30) cooperate to define working channel (14), which extendslongitudinally along a central axis (A) of trocar (10). In particular,working channel (14) is defined by a lumen of cannula (20) incommunication with a hollow interior of seal housing (30). Cannulaassembly (12) is configured to receive elongate surgical instrumentsdistally through working channel (14) to provide access to surgicalsites within the abdominal cavity of a patient. As described in greaterdetail below, seal housing (30) houses a pair of seal structuresdefining a seal assembly configured to maintain insufflation of thepatient's abdominal cavity while permitting passage of surgicalinstruments and tissue fragments along working channel (14).

Cannula (20) of the present version may include a bell-shaped hub (notshown) at a proximal end thereof, and an elongate cylindrical tube (22)extending distally from the hub and terminating at an angled cannula tip(24). An outer surface of cannula tube (22) includes a plurality oftissue gripping features in the form of annular ribs (26) arrangedaxially along a medial portion of cannula tube (22). Ribs (26) areconfigured to grip the layers of abdominal wall tissue through whichcannula (20) is inserted, and thereby assist in stabilizing cannula (20)in axial and radial directions while cannula (20) is positioned withinthe opening formed in the abdominal wall of a patient.

More specifically, tissue gripping ribs (26) of the present example areformed as annular scallops in the sidewall of cannula tube (22) suchthat each rib (26) tapers radially inwardly in a distal direction from aradially outermost edge of the rib (26). The radially outermost edges ofribs (26) are thus generally flush with the non-ribbed proximal anddistal portions of cannula tube (22). The resulting configuration ofribs (26) promotes advancement of cannula tube (22) through tissuelayers in a distal direction and resists retraction of cannula tube (22)through the tissue layers in a reverse, proximal direction.Advantageously, this configuration protects against unintendedwithdrawal of cannula tube (22) from the abdominal wall of patientduring a surgical procedure. It will be appreciated, however, thatcannula tube (22) may be provided with various other types of tissuegripping features in other versions of trocar (10). For instance,cannula tube (22) may include a tissue gripping feature in the form ofone or more helical ribs that extend around at least a medial portion ofcannula tube (22), and which may be scalloped similar to ribs (26).

Seal housing (30) of cannula assembly (12) includes a proximal housingportion (32) and a distal housing portion (34) to which proximal housingportion (32) is removably attached. Proximal housing portion (32)includes a proximal head (36) and a distal base (38) secured together.Distal housing portion (34) includes a distal shroud (40) that encirclesthe proximal hub (not shown) of cannula (20), a cap plate (42) securedto a proximal end of distal shroud (40), and a latch ring (44) rotatablydisposed therebetween and having a radially outwardly projecting tab(46). Latch ring (44) is selectively rotatable via tab (46) about thecentral axis (A) of trocar (10) between a locked position and anunlocked position. In the locked position, latch ring (44) locksproximal housing portion (32) to distal housing portion (34). In theunlocked position, latch ring (44) permits separation of proximalhousing portion (32) from distal housing portion (34), for example todirectly access a distal seal structure (not shown) housed within distalhousing portion (34). In some versions, distal shroud (40) may be formedintegrally with the proximal end of cannula tube (22) such that distalshroud (40) is a component of cannula (20).

Though not shown, proximal housing portion (32) houses a proximal (or“outer”) seal structure, and distal housing portion (34) houses a distal(or “inner”) seal structure, both arranged along the central axis (A) oftrocar (10). The proximal and distal seal structures cooperate to definea seal assembly that maintains insufflation of the patient's abdominalcavity during a surgical procedure while permitting passage of surgicalinstruments and tissue fragments along working channel (14). Forinstance, the proximal seal structure may include an annular seal memberconfigured to sealingly engage the shaft of a laparoscopic surgicalinstrument directed through working channel (14). The distal sealstructure may include a duckbill seal member configured to maintainworking channel (14) in a sealed stated in the absence of a surgicalinstrument shaft.

Cannula assembly (12) further includes an insufflation port (50)operatively coupled with the proximal end of cannula (20) and having anadjustable valve in the form of a stopcock (52). Insufflation port (50)is configured to direct insufflation fluid, such as carbon dioxide, froma fluid source (not shown) distally through working channel (14) andinto the patient's abdominal cavity to thereby expand (or “insufflate”)the cavity with the fluid. This expansion of the abdominal cavitycreates additional space for performing a laparoscopic surgicalprocedure with improved ease.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , obturator (16) of trocar (10) includes aproximal head (60), an elongate cylindrical shaft (62) extendingdistally from head (60), and a tapered distal tip (64). Obturator shaft(62) is configured to be received within working channel (14) of cannulaassembly (12) such that obturator tip (64) extends through and distallyof cannula tip (24). Obturator head (60) includes a domed upper body(66), a base plate (68), and an actuatable latch member (70), whichincludes a pair of latch arms (72) and a corresponding pair of latchbuttons (74). Latch arms (72) are configured to be captured withinrespective slots (not shown) formed in a top surface of seal housinghead (36) to couple obturator (16) with cannula assembly (12). Latchbuttons (74) are actuatable to release latch arms (72) from the slotsand thereby permit separation of obturator (16) from cannula assembly(12). Obturator (16) further includes a central passage (76) thatextends longitudinally through obturator head (60) and obturator shaft(62), and is configured to receive an endoscope (not shown) therein toprovide visualization during insertion of trocar (10) through theabdominal wall of a patient. A clamp lever (78) of obturator head (60)is pivotable to selectively fix the endoscope within central passage(76). Central passage (76) and clamp lever (78) are merely optionalfeatures and may be omitted from obturator (16) in other versions.

Cannula assembly (12) and obturator (16) may be constructed to bedisposed of after a single use with a patient. In other versions, one ormore components of trocar (10) may be suitably constructed to withstandsterilization and multiple reuses, for example as described in greaterdetail below in connection with trocar (110) of FIGS. 4-5 .

B. Exemplary Deployment of Trocar into Patient Abdominal Cavity

FIGS. 3A-3D illustrate an exemplary method of accessing an abdominalcavity (1) of a patient through the patient's abdominal wall (2) withtrocar (10) described above. It will be appreciated that abdominal wall(2) includes outward superficial layers and inward deep layers.Superficial layers generally include an outer layer of skin (3) and aninner layer of fat (4); whereas the deeper layers include alternatinglayers of muscle (5) and fascia (6), which are fibrous and flexible withrelatively higher tensile strength than the superficial layers.

As shown in FIG. 3A, with obturator (16) received within cannulaassembly (12) and connected to seal housing (30), a clinicianmanipulates trocar (10) via obturator head (60) and seal housing (30) tourge obturator tip (64) against skin (3) and inward toward abdominalcavity (1) while rotating trocar (10) back and forth. Continued inwardurging of trocar (10) further directs obturator tip (64) and cannula tip(24) distally through the layers of fat (4) and fascia (5) and intocavity (1), as shown in FIG. 3B. As discussed above, this step may befacilitated with visualization provided by an endoscope (not shown)mounted within obturator (16). Once cannula (20) has reached a desireddepth of insertion into cavity (1), the clinician releases obturatorhead (60) from seal housing (30) via depression of latch buttons (74),and then withdraws obturator (16) from proximally from cannula assembly(12), as shown in FIG. 3C. This renders working channel (14) of cannulaassembly (12) free to receive surgical instruments distally therethroughfor performing the laparoscopic surgical procedure. As described above,tissue engagement ribs (26) provided on cannula tube (22) grip thelayers of tissue (3, 4, 5) of abdominal wall (2), thus providing cannulaassembly (12) with at least a minimum degree of stability relative toabdominal wall (2). Upon completion of the laparoscopic surgicalprocedure, the clinician grasps seal housing (30) and withdraws cannulaassembly (12) proximally from abdominal wall (2), as shown in FIG. 3D.

C. Exemplary Reusable Trocar Having Disposable Seal Assembly

In some instances, it may be desirable to configure a trocar such thatone or more components thereof may be sterilized and reused for multiplesurgical procedures, while one or more other components may be easilyand economically disposed of and replaced after each procedure. FIGS.4-5 show another exemplary trocar (110) that is configured in such amanner, and which is similar in structure and function to trocar (10)described above except as otherwise described below.

Similar to trocar (10), trocar (110) includes a cannula assembly (112)having a working channel (114) and an obturator (116) configured to beinserted into cannula assembly (112) coaxially along working channel(114). Cannula assembly (112) includes a cannula (120) having abell-shaped hub (122) at a proximal end thereof, and an elongatecylindrical tube (124) extending distally from hub (122) and terminatingat an angled cannula tip (126). An outer surface of cannula tube (124)includes a plurality of tissue gripping features in the form of annularribs (128) arranged axially along a medial portion of cannula tube (124)and which are similar to ribs (26) described above.

Cannula assembly (112) further includes a seal assembly (130). Unlikethe seal assembly defined by seal housing (30) of trocar (10), sealassembly (130) is constructed as a modular, replaceable unit configuredto releasably mate with proximal hub (122) of cannula (120). As shownbest in FIG. 5 , seal assembly (130) of the present example generallyincludes an upper frame member (132), a middle frame member (134), and alower frame member (136) secured relative to one another in a coaxialarrangement. Though not shown, a proximal (or “outer”) seal structure issupported within upper frame member (132), and a distal (or “inner”)seal structure is supported within lower frame member (136). Such sealstructures may be similar in structure and function to the proximal anddistal seal structures of trocar (10) described above. Seal assembly(130) further includes an insufflation port (140) having an adjustablevalve in the form of a stopcock (142).

A lower portion of seal assembly (130) distal to insufflation port (140)is configured to seat within proximal hub (122) of cannula (120) suchthan an annular seal member (144) disposed circumferentially about thelower portion sealingly engages an inner surface of cannula hub (122).In this manner, an interior of seal assembly (130) fluidly communicateswith a lumen of cannula (120) to define a working channel (114) ofcannula assembly (112) through which insufflation fluid, surgicalinstruments, and tissue fragments may be directed in the mannersgenerally described above in connection with trocar (10). Seal assembly(130) may be further configured in accordance with one or more teachingsof U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2019/0090905, entitled “Trocar Seal Assemblies,”published Mar. 28, 2019, the disclosure of which is incorporated byreference herein; and/or U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2019/0380742, entitled“Asymmetric Shaft Seal,” published Dec. 19, 2019, the disclosure ofwhich is incorporated by reference herein.

As shown best in FIG. 5 , obturator (116) of trocar (110) includes aproximal head (150), an elongate cylindrical shaft (152) extendingdistally from head (150), and a tapered tip (154) at a distal end ofshaft (152). Obturator head (150) includes a domed upper body (156), abase plate (158), and an actuatable latch member (160), which includes apair of downwardly extending latch arms (162) and a corresponding pairof latch buttons (164). Latch arms (162) are configured to be capturedwithin respective slots (138) formed in a top surface of upper framemember (132) of seal assembly (130) to couple obturator (116) withcannula assembly (112). Latch buttons (164) are actuatable to releaselatch arms (162) from slots (138) and thereby permit separation ofobturator (116) from cannula assembly (112).

Cannula (120) and obturator (116) of the present example are suitablyconstructed of a robust material, such as surgical steel, such that theymay be sterilized and reused for multiple surgical procedures. Incontrast, as described above, seal assembly (130) is constructed as adisposable unit, intended to be separated from cannula (120) andreplaced after each procedure. For instance, seal assembly (130) may beconstructed of various polymeric materials, including plastics andrubbers, such that seal assembly (130) may be easily manufactured andsold at a price point that renders seal assembly (130) suitable fordisposal after a single use, similar to trocar (10) described above.

II. Exemplary Depth Limiters and Associated Method

In some instances, a clinician may desire to limit the depth to which asingle-use or reusable trocar (10, 110) may travel into abdominal wall(2) (e.g., after insertion of trocar (10, 110) to a desired position).Limiting the depth to which trocar (10, 110) may travel into abdominalwall (2) may assist in preventing distal tip (64, 154) of obturator (16,116) and/or cannula tip (24, 126) of cannula assembly (12, 112) frominadvertently entering deeper than desired into abdominal cavity (1).Preventing over insertion of trocar (10, 110) may reduce undesirablecontact of distal tip (64, 154) and/or cannula tip (24, 126) withanatomical structures contained within abdominal cavity (1).

Alternatively or in addition to limiting the depth to which single-useor reusable trocar (10, 110) may travel into abdominal wall (2), theclinician may desire to stabilize trocar (10, 110) relative to abdominalwall (2) (e.g., after insertion of trocar (10, 110) to a desiredposition in abdominal cavity (1)). The clinician may stabilize trocar(10, 110) relative to abdominal wall (2) by avoiding under insertion oftrocar (10, 110). Stabilizing trocar (10, 110) relative to abdominalwall (2) after insertion into abdominal wall (2) may assist inpreventing trocar (10, 110) from inadvertently pivoting about theinsertion point in abdominal wall (2) after the clinician releasestrocar (10, 110). Stabilizing trocar (10, 110) maintains cannula tip(24, 126), and thus, the entry point of surgical instruments intoabdominal cavity (1)) in a desired position and/or orientation relativeto abdominal cavity (1).

As described above with reference to FIGS. 1-5 , obturators (16, 116)may be configured to be removably coupled with cannulas (20, 120) alonga central axis (shown as trocar central axis (A) in FIGS. 1-2 ) tofacilitate insertion of the surgical access device through a body cavitywall (shown as abdominal wall (2)) of the patient. Cannulas (20, 120)include working channels (14, 114) and tissue gripping features (shownas ribs 26, 128). Working channels (14, 114) are configured to guide asurgical instrument (not shown) along a central axis of cannulas (20,120). Tissue gripping features are intended to include non-helicalfeatures (e.g., such as ridges and annular scallops) as well as helicalthreads (e.g., overlapping or non-overlapping threads). The tissuegripping features may extend along only a portion of the length ofcannula tube (124). As previously described, ribs (26, 128) may beformed as annular scallops. Ribs (26, 128) may disposed along an outersurface of cannula (20, 120). As shown in FIGS. 3A-3D, ribs (26, 128)may be configured to stabilize cannula (20, 120) relative to abdominalwall (2) of the patient when cannula (20, 120) is inserted distallythrough abdominal wall (2).

To reduce over insertion and/or under insertion or trocar (10, 110),exemplary depth limiters (210, 310, 410, 510, 610, 710, 810, 910, 1010,1110, 1210, 1310, 1410) may be selectively coupled with cannula tube(22, 124, 416, 914) of cannula (20, 120, 412, 912). Depth limiters (210,310, 410, 510, 610, 710, 810, 910, 1010, 1110, 1210, 1310, 1410) aredescribed in detail below with reference to FIGS. 6-39 , and may be usealone or in combination with another depth limiter (210, 310, 410, 510,610, 710, 810, 910, 1010, 1110, 1210, 1310, 1410) if desired. Depthlimiters (210, 310, 410, 510, 610, 710, 810, 1010, 1110, 1210, 1310,1410) may be scaled to fit a variety of different sized cannula tubes,including but not limited to those cannulas having a 5 mm diameter, a 8mm diameter, a 10 mm diameter, and a 15 mm diameter.

Depth limiters (210, 310, 510, 610, 710, 810, 910, 1310, 1410) are shownwith relation to trocar (110) of FIGS. 4-5 . Similarly, depth limiter(410) is shown with relation to cannula (412) and cannula tube (416) ofFIG. 14 , and depth limiter (610) is shown with relation to cannula(612) of and cannula tube (616) FIG. 19 . Additionally, depth limiters(1010, 1110, 1210) are shown with relation to trocar (10), cannula (20),and cannula tube (22) of FIGS. 1-3 . However, it is envisioned thatdepth limiters (210, 310, 410, 510, 610, 710, 810, 910, 1010, 1110,1210, 1310, 1410) may be used with a variety of other suitable trocars,cannula assemblies, and obturator, including trocars (10, 110) cannulatubes (22, 124, 416, 914) of cannulas (20, 120, 412, 912).

A. First Exemplary Depth Limiter

FIGS. 6-10 show a first exemplary depth limiter (210) with relation to asurgical access device (shown as trocar (110)), which includes cannulaassembly (112) and obturator (116) as described above. Particularly,FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of trocar (110) of FIG. 4 , where depthlimiter (210) is in a fixed configuration that restricts axial movement(along a longitudinal axis (A1)) of depth limiter (210) relative tocannula tube (124) of cannula assembly (112). FIG. 7 shows a perspectiveview of depth limiter (210) as including a housing (212) that may createcentral cavity (214). Housing (212) includes upper and lower housingportions (216, 218) that may be identical or different. Depth limiter(210) includes a first biasing feature (shown a ring member (220)) and asecond biasing feature (shown as a ring member (222)). For example, ringmembers (220, 222) may be diametrically opposed spring members that maybe compressed toward one another to release from cannula tube (124) asdescribed below with reference to FIGS. 8A-8B.

As shown in FIGS. 7-10 , ring member (220) includes a user contactportion (224), opposing biasing arms (226, 228), and a gripping member(230). Similarly, ring member (222) may include a user contact portion(232), opposing biasing arms (234, 236), and a gripping member (238).Biasing arms (226, 228) of ring member (220) may form a first resilientportion of ring member (220). Biasing arms (234, 236) of ring member(222) may form a second resilient portion of ring member (222). WhileFIGS. 8A-8B and 10 show ring members (220, 222) as being identical; ringmembers (220, 222) may be different if desired. Biasing arms (226, 228)of ring member (220) include apexes (240, 242) and bent back portions(244, 246) that are coupled with gripping member (230). Similarly,biasing arms (234, 236) of ring member (222) include apexes (248, 250)and bent back portions (252, 254) that are coupled with gripping member(238). Ring members (220, 222) may act as leaf springs. As shown inFIGS. 8A-9 , ring members (220, 222) may be nested together.

FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of depth limiter (210) of FIG. 7taken along line 9-9 of FIG. 7 , and FIG. 10 shows an exploded view ofdepth limiter (210) of FIG. 7 . As shown, gripping member (230) of ringmember (220) includes a gripping surface (256). Similarly, grippingmember (238) of ring member (222) includes a gripping surface (258). Asshown, gripping surfaces (256, 258) extend parallel to longitudinal axis(A1). Gripping surfaces (256, 258) may be smooth or non-smooth. Forexample, a non-smooth surface may include one or more features tolockingly engage cannula tube (124). As shown in FIGS. 8A-10 , grippingsurfaces (256, 258) may be smooth to frictionally engage ribs (128) ofcannula (120) in the fixed configuration and not frictionally engageribs (128) of cannula (120) in the movable configuration. Alternatively,at least one of gripping surfaces (256, 258) may include at least onetooth configured to lockingly engage with at least one of rib (128) ofcannula (120) in the fixed configuration and not lockingly engage withrib (128) of cannula (120) in the movable configuration. Particularly,FIG. 7 shows gripping surface (258) including a plurality of engagementfeatures (260) in phantom which are optional. Engagement features (260)may be configured to lockingly engage with ribs (128) disposed on anouter surface of cannula tube (124) of cannula (120) in the fixedconfiguration and not lockingly engage with ribs (128) disposed on theouter surface of cannula tube (124) in the movable configuration.

As shown in FIGS. 7-10 , upper and lower housing portions (216, 218) maysurround biasing arms (226, 228) of ring member (220, 222) and biasingarms (234, 236) of ring member (222). Upper and lower housing portions(216, 218) may expose user contact portions (224, 232) and grippingmembers (230, 238). As such, upper and lower housing portions (216, 218)may reduce or prevent the likelihood of depth limiter (210)inadvertently pinching the glove of a user (e.g., a surgeon or anothermedical professional) and/or reduce or prevent depth limiter (210) frompinching tissue of the patient. As shown, user contact portions (224,232) are disposed circumferentially opposite one another (i.e.,diametrically opposed); however, other arrangements of user contactportions (224, 232) are also envisioned.

Depth limiter (210) is movable by user (U) between a movableconfiguration shown in FIG. 8A and a fixed configuration shown in FIG.8B. In other words, depth limiter (210) may be selectively actuated fromthe fixed configuration having a first effective diameter (ED1) to themovable configuration having a second effective diameter (ED2) to coupledepth limiter (210) with cannula tube (124). Additionally, depth limiter(210) may be selectively actuated again from the fixed configuration tothe movable configuration to decouple depth limiter (210) from cannulatube (124). As shown, first effective diameter (ED1) is smaller thansecond effective diameter (ED2). FIG. 8A shows a top plan view of depthlimiter (210) of FIG. 7 with cannula tube (124) of FIG. 6 being shown incross-section. Upper housing portion (216) of depth limiter (210) isremoved in FIGS. 8A-8B to reveal depth limiter (210) in the movableconfiguration allowing for axial movement of depth limiter (210)relative to cannula tube (124) when actuated by the user.

Particularly, gripping surface (256) is movably coupled with biasingarms (226, 228) and gripping surface (258) is movably coupled withbiasing arms (234, 236) from the fixed configuration to the movableconfiguration when respective user contact portions (224, 232) areactuated by user. For example, in the movable configuration of FIG. 8A,gripping surfaces (256, 258) collectively form the second effectivediameter (ED2) that allows for axial movement of depth limiter (210)relative to an outer diameter of cannula tube (124) of cannula (120). Inother words, actuation of user contact portions (224, 232) is configuredto respectively cause biasing arms (226, 228) of ring member (220) andbiasing arms (234, 236) of ring member (222) to move gripping surfaces(256, 258) radially outward to selectively engage and disengage cannulatube (124) of cannula (120) while in the movable configuration.

For example, the user (U) may pinch two points (user contact portions(224, 232)) to increase the effective diameter between opposing grippingsurface (256, 258) of depth limiter (210), and then release user contactportions (224, 232) to decrease the effective diameter between opposinggripping surface (256, 258) of depth limiter (210) in the fixedconfiguration to fix or clamp depth limiter (210) axially relative tocannula tube (124). As shown, user contact portions (224, 232) areconfigured to be actuated by the user (U) using thumb and index fingers.However, the user (U) may depress user contact portions (224, 232) inother ways (e.g., using one or more fingers and the palm). By pinchingouter surfaces (262, 264) of user contact portions (224, 232), ringmembers (220, 222) slide and open up opposing gripping surface (256,258) for disengagement. In the movable configuration, the virtualdiameter defined by opposing gripping surface (256, 258) is larger thanthat of cannula tube (124), allowing for free movement of depth limiter(210) to any user-specified depth along cannula tube (124). As shown,gripping surface (256) is radially offset from the user contact portion(224) by approximately 180 degrees, and gripping surface (258) isradially offset from the user contact portion (232) by approximately 180degrees.

FIG. 8B shows a top plan view of depth limiter (210) and cannula tube(124) of cannula (120) of FIG. 8A, but with depth limiter (210) in thefixed configuration of FIG. 6 . The user (U) may release grippingsurfaces (256, 258) from FIG. 8A from the outer surface of cannula tube(124), so that ring members (220, 222) return to the fixedconfiguration. Gripping surfaces (256, 258) may be disposedcircumferentially opposite one another and may be configured to directlycontact circumferentially opposite sides of cannula (120) in the fixedconfiguration. In the fixed configuration, gripping surfaces (256, 258)collectively form a first effective diameter (ED1) that restricts axialmovement of depth limiter (210) relative to cannula (120) by directlycontacting cannula (120). As shown, the first effective diameter (ED1)defined by gripping surfaces (256, 258) is smaller than the outerdiameter cannula tube (124) when ring members (220, 222) are in thefixed configuration. The fixed configuration may also be considered theresting configuration. As shown, gripping surfaces (256, 258) do notcompletely (or entirely) surround cannula tube (124) of cannula (120) ineither the fixed configuration or the movable configuration. Instead,gripping surfaces (256, 258) are spaced apart from one another in bothof the fixed and movable configurations and separated by gaps (266,268). In the fixed configuration of FIG. 8B, gripping surfaces (256,258) are shown to grip less than half of the circumference of cannulatube (124) at discrete regions; however, this may vary.

As shown in FIGS. 7-10 , user contact portion (224) is disposed betweenand fixably coupled to biasing arms (226, 228). In some versions, usercontact portion (224) may be integrally formed together as a unitarypiece together with biasing arms (226, 228). In some versions, grippingmember (230) may be integrally formed together as a unitary piecetogether with biasing arms (226, 228). Similarly, user contact portion(232) is disposed between and fixably coupled to biasing arms (234,236). In some versions, user contact portion (232) may be integrallyformed together as a unitary piece together with biasing arms (234,236). In some versions, gripping member (238) may be integrally formedtogether as a unitary piece together with biasing arms (234, 236).

Depth limiter (210) is shown to have a low-profile form. Depth limiter(210) may nest onto proximal end of cannula tube (124) for transportand/or storage. Depth limiter (210) may include simple to operatepinch-to release controls. Depth limiter (210) may be reusable ordisposable. For example, depth limiter (210) may be injection molded fora disposable model. Alternatively, depth limiter (210) may be andstamped, machined, and/or metal-injection molded for a re-usable model.In some versions, depth limiter (210) may be completely formed of metal.Depth limiter (210) may fit robotic and laparoscopic instruments, whichmay provide less medical waste for medical facilities (e.g., hospitals).

B. Second Exemplary Depth Limiter

FIGS. 11-13 show a second exemplary depth limiter (310) which isconfigured to be used with trocar (10, 110) shown and described withreference to FIGS. 1-5 . Particularly, FIG. 11 shows a perspective viewof depth limiter (310), and FIG. 13 shows an exploded view of depthlimiter (310) of FIG. 11 . As shown, depth limiter (310) includes ahousing (312) and a biasing feature (314). Housing (312) includes upperand lower housing portions (316, 318) and user contact portions (320,322). As such, upper and lower housing portions (316, 318) may be weldedat the seam and may reduce or prevent depth limiter (310) from pinchingthe glove of the user (U) and/or reduce or prevent depth limiter (310)from pinching tissue of the patient. Upper and lower housing portions(316, 318) are shown as being identical. However, upper and lowerhousing portions (316, 318) may be different if desired. Upper housingportion (316) may include a top wall (324), sides (326, 328), and innerwalls (330, 332). As shown, sides (326, 328) and inner walls (330, 332)extend downwardly toward lower housing portion (318).

Lower housing portion (318) may include a bottom wall (334), sides (336,338), and inner walls (340, 342). Sides (336, 338) and inner walls (340,342) may extend upwardly toward upper housing portion (316). Top andbottom walls (324, 334) are shown as being generally planer and opposingone another to collectively form a cavity (344) together with innerwalls (330, 332) of upper housing portion (316) and inner walls (340,342) of lower housing portion (318). Cavity (344) is configured to housebiasing feature (314) as described in detail below with reference toFIGS. 12A-12B. As shown in FIGS. 12A-13 , inner surfaces of top andbottom walls (324, 334) may include a plurality of stop features (346,348) that are configured to prevent inward movement of user contactportions (320, 322) beyond a desired amount. Additionally, user contactportions (320, 322) includes a plurality of projections (350, 352)configured to interact with inner surfaces of sides (326, 328) of upperhousing portion (316) and inner surfaces of sides (336, 338) of lowerhousing portion (318) to prevent outward movement of user contactportions (320, 322) beyond a desired amount.

As shown in FIGS. 12A-13 , biasing feature (314) includes resilientportions, shown as biasing arms (354, 356) that are disposed generallyopposite to one another. Biasing arms (354, 356) are shown as beinggenerally thin flexible members; however, other versions of biasing arms(354, 356) are also envisioned. As shown, biasing arms (354, 356) may becoupled to each other at terminal ends (358, 360). Biasing arm (354)includes an inner surface (362) and an outer surface (364). Similarly,biasing arm (356) includes an inner surface (366) and an outer surface(368). Inner surface (362) of biasing arm (354) includes a grippingsurface (370). Inner surface (366) of biasing arm (356) includes agripping surface (374). Gripping surfaces (370, 374) may extend parallelto a longitudinal axis defined by cannula tube (124) of cannula (120).

Gripping surfaces (370, 374) may be smooth or non-smooth. For example, anon-smooth surface may include one or more features to lockingly engagecannula tube (124). At least one of gripping surfaces (370, 374) mayinclude at least one tooth configured to lockingly engage with at leastone of rib (128) of cannula (120) in the fixed configuration and notlockingly engage with rib (128) of cannula (120) in the movableconfiguration. As shown in FIGS. 11-13 , gripping surface (370, 374)include a plurality of engagement features (372, 376) configured tolockingly engage with ribs (128) disposed on an outer surface of cannulatube (124) of cannula (120) in the fixed configuration and not lockinglyengage with ribs (128) disposed on the outer surface of cannula tube(124) in the movable configuration. Alternatively, gripping surfaces(370, 374) may include a smooth surface (not shown) that is configuredto frictionally engage ribs (128) of cannula (120) in the fixedconfiguration and not frictionally engage ribs (128) of cannula (120) inthe movable configuration.

Depth limiter (310) is movable by the user (U) between a movableconfiguration shown in FIG. 12A and a fixed configuration shown in FIG.12B. In other words, depth limiter (310) may be selectively actuatedfrom the fixed configuration having a first effective diameter (ED1) tothe movable configuration having a second effective diameter (ED2) tocouple depth limiter (310) from cannula tube (124). Additionally, depthlimiter (310) may be selectively actuated from the fixed configurationto the movable configuration to decouple depth limiter (310) fromcannula tube (124). As shown, first effective diameter (ED1) is smallerthan second effective diameter (ED2). FIG. 12A shows a top plan view ofdepth limiter (310) of FIG. 11 coupled with cannula tube (124) of FIG. 5which is shown in cross-section. Upper housing portion (316) of depthlimiter (310) is removed in FIGS. 12A-12B to reveal depth limiter (310)in the movable configuration allowing for axial movement of depthlimiter (310) relative to cannula tube (124) when actuated by the user(U).

Particularly, gripping surface (370) may be movably coupled with biasingarm (354) and gripping surface (374) may be movably coupled with biasingarm (356) from the fixed configuration to the movable configuration whenrespective user contact portions (320, 322) are actuated by user. Forexample, in the movable configuration of FIG. 12A, gripping surfaces(370, 374) collectively form the second effective diameter (ED2) thatallows for axial movement of depth limiter (310) relative to an outerdiameter of cannula tube (124) of cannula (120). In other words,actuation of user contact portions (320, 322) is configured torespectively cause biasing arms (354, 356) to move gripping surfaces(370, 374) radially outward to selectively disengage cannula (120) inthe movable configuration. As shown, gripping surface (370) is radiallyoffset from the user contact portions (320, 322) by approximately 90degrees, and gripping surface (374) is radially offset from the usercontact portion (320, 322) by approximately 90 degrees.

As shown, user contact portions (320, 322) may be actuated by the user(U) using thumb and index fingers. However, the user (U) may depressuser contact portions (320, 322) in other ways (e.g., using one or morefingers and the palm). By pinching surfaces (378, 380) of user contactportions (320, 322), gripping surfaces (370, 374) spread apart fordisengagement. In the movable configuration, the virtual diameterdefined by opposing gripping surfaces (370, 374) is larger than that ofcannula tube (124), allowing for free movement of depth limiter (310) toany user-specified depth along cannula tube (124). As shown, usercontact portions (320, 322) are disposed circumferentially opposite oneanother; however, other arrangements of user contact portions (320, 322)are also envisioned. As shown, user contact portions (320, 322) includesurfaces (378, 380) for enhanced gripping by the user (U). Surfaces(378, 380) may include features (not shown) to allow for more thoroughsterilization, should depth limiter (310) be reusable.

FIG. 12B shows a top plan view of depth limiter (310) and cannula tube(124) of FIG. 12A, but with depth limiter (310) in a fixed configurationthat restricts axial movement of depth limiter (310) relative to cannulatube (124). The user (U) may release gripping surfaces (370, 374) fromFIG. 12A from the outer surface of cannula tube (124), so that biasingarms (354, 356) return to the fixed configuration. Gripping surfaces(370, 374) are disposed circumferentially opposite one another and areconfigured to directly contact circumferentially opposite sides ofcannula (120) in the fixed configuration. In the fixed configuration,gripping surfaces (370, 374) collectively form a first effectivediameter (ED1) that restricts axial movement of depth limiter (310)relative to cannula (120) by directly contacting cannula (120) atdiscrete regions. As shown, the first effective diameter (ED1) definedby gripping surfaces (370, 374) is smaller than the outer diametercannula tube (124) when biasing arms (354, 356) of biasing feature (314)are in the fixed configuration. The fixed configuration is the restingconfiguration. As shown, gripping surfaces (370, 374) do not completely(or entirely) surround cannula tube (124) of cannula (120) in either thefixed configuration or the movable configuration. Instead, grippingsurfaces (370, 374) are spaced apart from one another in both of thefixed and movable configurations and separated by gaps (266, 268).

Depth limiter (310) is shown to have a low-profile form. Depth limiter(310) may nest onto proximal end of cannula tube (124) for transportand/or storage. Depth limiter (310) also includes simple to operatepinch-to release controls. Depth limiter (310) may be reusable ordisposable. For example, depth limiter (310) may be injection molded fora disposable model. Alternatively, depth limiter (310) may be andstamped, machined, and/or metal-injection molded for a re-usable model.In some versions, depth limiter (310) is completely formed of metal.Depth limiter (310) may fit robotic and laparoscopic instruments, whichprovides less throw away medical trash and medical facilities (e.g.,hospitals) do not have to stock as many different SKUs.

C. Third Exemplary Depth Limiter

FIGS. 14-16B show a third exemplary depth limiter (410) coupled with anexemplary cannula (412). Particularly, FIG. 14 shows a perspective viewof depth limiter (410) in a fixed configuration that restricts axialmovement of depth limiter (410) relative to cannula (412). FIG. 15 showsa perspective view of depth limiter (410) of FIG. 14 . Similar tocannula (120), cannula (412) may have a bell-shaped hub (414) at aproximal end thereof, and an elongate cannula tube (416) extendingdistally from hub (414) and terminating at an angled cannula tip (418).An outer surface of cannula tube (416) includes a plurality of tissuegripping features in the form of ribs (420) arranged axially along amedial portion of cannula tube (416). As shown in FIGS. 14 and 16A-16B,cannula tube (416) includes slotted portions (422) formed opposite oneanother. Slotted portions (422) extend longitudinally along cannula tube(416). Slotted portions (422) have a reduced outer diameter as comparedthe remainder of cannula tube (416). Slotted portions (422) includeapertures or features (424) disposed on a distal portion of cannula tube(416) and is generally adjacent to cannula tip (418). As shown, slottedportions (422) extend along the complete axial length of cannula tube(416); however, slotted portions (422) may extend only along a portionof the axial length of cannula tube (416) in some versions.

Depth limiter (410) may include an outer portion (426), an inner portion(428), and arms (430, 432) that that are disposed between outer andinner portions (426, 428). As shown in FIG. 16B, outer portion (426) maybe generally oval in shape when in the fixed configuration (i.e., theresting configuration). Outer portion (426) includes user contactportions (434, 436) that may be disposed circumferentially opposite fromone another. User contact portions (434, 436) are configured to beactuated by the user (U). As shown, user contact portions (434, 436)include raised protuberances (438, 440) that are configured to enhancethe gripping of respective user contact portions (434, 436) and/or allowthe user to tactilely locate user contact portions (434, 436) withoutvisualization.

Depth limiter (410) includes biasing features (442, 444) that aredisposed opposite one another. Biasing feature (442) includes aresilient portion (446), arm (430), and a gripping member (448).Similarly, biasing feature (444) includes a resilient portion (450), arm(432), and a gripping member (452). Resilient portions (446, 450) may beconfigured to flex as shown in FIG. 16A when respective user contactfeatures (434, 436) are actuated by the user (U). This flexibility maybe due in part to the geometry of depth limiter (410), such that therelative cross-sectional thickness of resilient portions (446, 450) isless than the relative cross-sectional thickness of the outer portion(426) that includes user contact portions (434, 436). For example, asshown in FIG. 15 , the height (H1) of user contact portions (434, 436)is greater than the height (H2) of resilient portions (446, 450).Similarly, as shown in FIG. 16B, the thickness (T1) of user contactportions (434, 436) is greater than the thickness (T2) of resilientportions (446, 450).

Gripping member (448) includes a gripping surface (458) and an outersurface (460). Gripping surface (458) is movably coupled with resilientportion (446) from the fixed configuration to the movable configurationwhen user contact portion (434) is actuated by the user (U). Similarly,gripping member (452) includes a gripping surface (462) and an outersurface (464). Gripping surfaces (458, 462) are sized and configured toreceive cannula tube (416) at discrete regions. Gripping surfaces (458,462) may extend parallel to a longitudinal axis defined by cannula tube(416) of cannula (412). Gripping surface (462) is movably coupled withresilient portion (446) from the fixed configuration to the movableconfiguration when user contact portion (434) is actuated by the user(U). Gripping surfaces (458, 462) include respective slotted portions(466, 467) that are configured to align with slotted portions (422) ofcannula tube (416) in the fixed configuration. Gripping surfaces (458,462) of gripping members (448, 452) are spaced apart from one another inboth of the closed and movable configurations by gaps (468, 470).

Gripping surfaces (458, 462) may be smooth or non-smooth. For example, anon-smooth surface may include one or more features to lockingly engagecannula tube (416). At least one of gripping surfaces (458, 462) mayinclude at least one engagement feature configured to lockingly engagewith at least one of rib (420) of cannula (412) in the fixedconfiguration and not lockingly engage with rib (420) of cannula (412)in the movable configuration. As shown in FIG. 15 , gripping surfaces(458, 462) include a plurality of engagement features, shown as teeth(472, 474), configured to lockingly engage with ribs (420) disposed onan outer surface of cannula tube (416) of cannula (412) in the fixedconfiguration and not lockingly engage with ribs (420) disposed on theouter surface of cannula tube (416) in the movable configuration.Alternatively, gripping surfaces (458, 462) may include a smooth surface(not shown) that is configured to frictionally engage ribs (420) ofcannula tube (416) of cannula (412) in the fixed configuration and notfrictionally engage ribs (420) of cannula (412) in the movableconfiguration.

Depth limiter (410) is movable by the user (U) between a movableconfiguration shown in FIG. 16A and a fixed configuration shown in FIG.16B. In other words, depth limiter (410) may be selectively actuatedfrom the fixed configuration having a first effective diameter (ED1) tothe movable configuration having a second effective diameter (ED2) todecouple depth limiter (410) from cannula tube (416), and from themovable configuration to the fixed configuration to couple depth limiter(410) to cannula tube (416). As shown, first effective diameter (ED1) issmaller than second effective diameter (ED2). FIG. 16A shows a top planview of depth limiter (410) and cannula tube (416) of FIG. 14 withcannula tube (416) being shown in cross-section, where depth limiter(410) is in a movable configuration allowing for axial movement of depthlimiter (410) relative to cannula tube (416) when actuated by the user(U). In the movable configuration of FIG. 16A, gripping surfaces (458,462) collectively form second effective diameter (ED2) that allows foraxial movement of depth limiter (410) relative to an outer diameter ofcannula tube (416) of cannula (412). In other words, actuation of usercontact portions (434, 436) is configured to respectively cause arms(430, 432) to move gripping surfaces (458, 462) outwardly to selectivelydisengage cannula (412) in the movable configuration.

As shown, user contact portions (434, 436) are configured to be actuatedby the user (U) using thumb and index fingers. However, the user (U) maydepress user contact portions (434, 436) in other ways (e.g., using oneor more fingers and the palm). By pinching user contact portions (434,436), gripping surfaces (458, 462) spread apart for disengagement. Inthe movable configuration, the virtual diameter defined by opposinggripping surfaces (458, 462) is larger than that of cannula tube (416),allowing for free movement of depth limiter (410) to any user-specifieddepth along cannula tube (416). As shown, gripping surface (458) isradially offset from the user contact portions (434, 436) byapproximately 90 degrees, and gripping surface (462) is radially offsetfrom the user contact portions (434, 436) by approximately 90 degrees.

FIG. 16B shows a top plan view of depth limiter (410) and cannula tube(416) of FIG. 16A, but with depth limiter (410) in the fixedconfiguration of FIG. 14 . The user (U) may release gripping surfaces(458, 462) from FIG. 16A from the outer surface of cannula tube (124),so that arms (430, 432) return to the fixed configuration. Grippingsurfaces (458, 462) are disposed circumferentially opposite one anotherand are configured to directly contact circumferentially opposite sidesof cannula (412) in the fixed configuration. In the fixed configuration,gripping surfaces (458, 462) collectively form a first effectivediameter (ED1) that restricts axial movement of depth limiter (410)relative to cannula (412) by directly contacting cannula (412).

As shown, the first effective diameter (ED1), defined by grippingsurfaces (458, 462), is smaller than the outer diameter of cannula tube(416) when arms (430, 432) are in the fixed configuration. The fixedconfiguration may be considered the resting configuration. As shown,gripping surfaces (458, 462) do not completely (or entirely) surroundcannula tube (416) of cannula (412) in either the fixed configuration orthe movable configuration. Instead, gripping surfaces (458, 462) arespaced apart from one another in both of the fixed and movableconfigurations and separated by gaps (468, 470). In the fixedconfiguration of FIG. 16B, gripping surfaces (458, 462) are shown togrip less than half of the circumference of cannula tube (416) atdiscrete regions; however, this may vary.

Depth limiter (410) may be reusable or disposable. For example, depthlimiter (410) may be injection molded for an inexpensive disposablemodel. Depth limiter (410) may be integrally formed together as aunitary piece. For example, depth limiter (410) may be formed from apolymeric material (e.g., plastic). Alternatively, depth limiter (410)may be and stamped, machined, and/or metal-injection molded for are-usable model.

D. Fourth Exemplary Depth Limiter

FIGS. 17-18B show a fourth exemplary depth limiter (510) coupled withcannula (120). Similar to depth limiter (410) that includes an outerportion (426), depth limiter (510) includes an outer portion (526) aswell as biasing features (530, 532) that that are disposed within outerportion (526). Outer portion (526) includes user contact portions (534,536), similar to user contact portions (434, 436), that are disposedopposite from one another. User contact portions (534, 536) areconfigured to be actuated by the user (U). As shown, user contactportions (534, 536) include raised protuberances (538, 540) that areconfigured to enhance the gripping of respective user contact portions(534, 536) and/or allow the user to tactilely locate user contactportions (534, 536) without visualization. Outer portion (526) mayinclude thin portions (528, 529) that are disposed opposite one anotherand between user contact portions (534, 536).

Biasing features (530, 532) are disposed opposite one another. Biasingfeature (530) includes a resilient portion (546) and a gripping feature(548). Similarly, biasing feature (532) includes a resilient portion(550), and a gripping feature (552). Resilient portions (546, 550) maybe configured to outwardly flex as shown in FIG. 18A when respectiveuser contact features (534, 536) are actuated by user (U). Thisflexibility may be due in part to the geometry of depth limiter (510),such that the relative cross-sectional thickness of resilient portions(546, 550) is less than the relative cross-sectional thickness of outerportion (526) that includes user contact portions (534,436) and thinportions (528, 529). For example, as shown in FIG. 17 , the height (H1)of user contact portions (534,436) is greater than the height (H2) ofthin portions (528, 529). Thin portions (528, 5292) may be shorter thangripping features (548, 552) to affect the magnitude of outward flexingof biasing features (530, 532).

Gripping feature (548) includes a gripping surface (558) and an outersurface (560). Similarly, gripping feature (552) includes a grippingsurface (562) and an outer surface (564). Gripping surfaces (558, 562)may be movably coupled with resilient portions (546, 550) from the fixedconfiguration to the movable configuration when user contact portion(534, 536) are actuated by the user (U). Gripping surfaces (558, 562)may be sized and configured to receive cannula tube (124) of cannula(120) at discrete regions. Gripping surfaces (558, 562) may extendparallel to a longitudinal axis defined by cannula tube (124) of cannula(120). Gripping surfaces (558, 562) of gripping features (548, 552) arespaced apart from one another in both of the fixed and movableconfigurations by gaps (568, 570).

Gripping surfaces (558, 562) may be smooth or non-smooth. For example, anon-smooth surface may include one or more features to lockingly engagecannula tube (124). At least one of gripping surfaces (558, 562) mayinclude at least one engagement feature configured to lockingly engagewith at least one of rib (128) of cannula (120) in the fixedconfiguration and not lockingly engage with rib (128) of cannula (120)in the movable configuration. As shown in FIGS. 18A-18B, grippingsurface (558, 562) include a plurality of engagement features, shown asteeth (574, 576), configured to lockingly engage with ribs (128)disposed on an outer surface of cannula tube (124) of cannula (120) inthe fixed configuration and not lockingly engage with ribs (128)disposed on the outer surface of cannula tube (124) in the movableconfiguration. Alternatively, while not shown, gripping surfaces (558,562) may include a smooth surface (not shown) that is configured tofrictionally engage ribs (128) of cannula tube (124) of cannula (120) inthe fixed configuration and not frictionally engage ribs (128) ofcannula (120) in the movable configuration.

Depth limiter (510) is movable by the user (U) between a movableconfiguration shown in FIG. 18A and a fixed configuration shown in FIG.18B. In other words, depth limiter (510) may be selectively actuatedfrom the fixed configuration having a first effective diameter (ED1) tothe movable configuration having a second effective diameter (ED2) tocouple depth limiter (510) with cannula tube (124). Depth limiter (510)may be selectively actuated from fixed configuration to the movableconfiguration to decouple depth limiter (510) to cannula tube (124). Asshown, first effective diameter (ED1) is smaller than second effectivediameter (ED2). FIG. 18A shows a top plan view of depth limiter (510)and cannula tube (124) of FIG. 5 with cannula tube (124) being shown incross-section, where depth limiter (510) is in a movable configurationallowing for axial movement of depth limiter (510) relative to cannulatube (124) when actuated by the user (U). In the movable configurationof FIG. 18A, gripping surfaces (558, 562) collectively form the secondeffective diameter (ED2) that allows for axial movement of depth limiter(510) relative to an outer diameter of cannula tube (124) of cannula(120). As shown in FIG. 18B, outer portion (526) may be generally ovalin shape when in the fixed configuration also considered the restingconfiguration.

As shown, user contact portions (534, 536) are configured to be actuatedby the user (U) using thumb and index fingers. However, the user (U) maydepress user contact portions (534, 536) in other ways (e.g., using oneor more fingers and the palm). By pinching user contact portions (534,536), gripping surfaces (558, 562) may spread apart for disengagement.In the movable configuration, the virtual diameter defined by opposinggripping surfaces (558, 562) is larger than that of cannula tube (124),allowing for free movement of depth limiter (510) to any user-specifieddepth along cannula tube (124). As shown, gripping surface (558) isradially offset from the user contact portions (534, 536) byapproximately 90 degrees, and gripping surface (562) is radially offsetfrom the user contact portions (534, 536) by approximately 90 degrees.

FIG. 18B shows a top plan view of depth limiter (510) and cannula tube(124) of FIG. 18A, but with depth limiter (510) in the fixedconfiguration of FIG. 14 . As shown in FIG. 18B, outer portion (526) isgenerally circular in shape when in the fixed configuration alsoconsidered the resting configuration. The user (U) may release grippingsurfaces (558, 562) from FIG. 18A from the outer surface of cannula tube(124), so that biasing features (530, 532) return to the fixedconfiguration. Gripping surfaces (558, 562) are disposedcircumferentially opposite one another and are configured to directlycontact circumferentially opposite sides of cannula (120) in the fixedconfiguration. In the fixed configuration, gripping surfaces (558, 562)collectively form a first effective diameter (ED1) that restricts axialmovement of depth limiter (510) relative to cannula (120) by directlycontacting cannula (120). First effective diameter (ED1) defined bygripping surfaces (558, 562) is smaller than the outer diameter cannulatube (124) when biasing features (530, 532) are in the fixedconfiguration. As shown, gripping surfaces (558, 562) do not completely(or entirely) surround cannula tube (124) of cannula (120) in either thefixed configuration or the movable configuration. Instead, grippingsurfaces (558, 562) are spaced apart from one another in both of thefixed and movable configurations and separated by gaps (568, 570). Inthe fixed configuration of FIG. 18B, gripping surfaces (558, 562) areshown to collectively grip less than half of the circumference ofcannula tube (124); however, this may vary.

Depth limiter (510) may be reusable or disposable. For example, depthlimiter (510) may be injection molded for an inexpensive disposablemodel. Depth limiter (510) may be integrally formed together as aunitary piece. For example, depth limiter (510) may be formed from apolymeric material (e.g., plastic). Alternatively, depth limiter (510)may be metal-injection molded for a re-usable model.

E. Fifth Exemplary Depth Limiter

FIGS. 19-22B show a fifth exemplary depth limiter (610) coupled with anexemplary cannula (612). Particularly, FIG. 19 shows a perspective viewof depth limiter (610) in a fixed configuration that restricts axialmovement of depth limiter (610) relative to cannula (612). Similar tocannula (120), cannula (612) includes a bell-shaped hub (614) at aproximal end thereof, and an elongate cannula tube (616) extendingdistally from hub (414) and terminating at an angled cannula tip (618).An outer surface of cannula tube (616) includes a plurality of tissuegripping features in the form of ribs (620) arranged axially along amedial portion of cannula tube (616).

FIG. 20 shows a perspective view of depth limiter (610) of FIG. 19 , andFIG. 21 shows a side elevational view of depth limiter (610) of FIG. 20. Depth limiter (610) includes user contact portions (622, 624) andbiasing features (626, 628). User contact portions (622, 624) may bedisposed opposite from one another, and are configured to be actuated bythe user (U). As shown, user contact portions (622, 624) include buttons(630, 632). Buttons (630, 632) may include gripping features that areconfigured to enhance the gripping of respective user contact portions(622, 624) and/or allow the user (U) to locate user contact portions(622, 624) without visualization.

Biasing features (626, 628) may be disposed opposite one another.Biasing feature (626) includes a resilient portion (shown as thinportion (638)) and a thick portion (640). Thin portion (638) is coupledwith user contact portion (622) using a connecting portion (642).Similarly, biasing feature (628) includes a resilient portion (shown asthin portion (644)) and a thick portion (646). Thin portion (644) iscoupled with user contact portion (624) using a connecting portion(648). Thick portion (640) includes a gripping feature (650). Similarly,thick portion (646) includes a gripping feature (652). Gripping features(650, 652) are configured to flex outwardly as shown in FIG. 22A whenrespective user contact features (622, 624) are actuated by the user(U). This flexibility may be due in part to the geometry of depthlimiter (610), such that the relative cross-sectional thickness of thinportions (638, 644) is less than the relative cross-sectional thicknessof thick portions (640, 646). As shown in FIG. 22B, thickness (T1) ofthick portions (640, 646) is greater than thickness (T2) of thinportions (638, 644).

Gripping feature (650) includes a gripping surface (654) that is movablycoupled with thin portion (638) from the fixed configuration to themovable configuration when user contact portion (622) is actuated by theuser (U). Similarly, gripping feature (652) includes a gripping surface(656) that is movably coupled with thin portion (644) from the fixedconfiguration to the movable configuration when user contact portion(622) is actuated by the user (U). Gripping surfaces (654, 656) aresized and configured to receive cannula tube (616) at discrete regions.Gripping surfaces (654, 656) of gripping features (650, 652) are spacedapart from one another by gaps (658, 660) in both of the fixed andmovable configurations. Gripping surfaces (654, 656) may extend parallelto a longitudinal axis defined by cannula tube (616) of cannula (612).

Gripping surfaces (654, 656) may be smooth or non-smooth. For example, anon-smooth surface may include one or more features to lockingly engagecannula tube (616). At least one of gripping surfaces (654, 656) mayinclude at least one engagement feature configured to lockingly engagewith at least one of ribs (620) of cannula (612) in the fixedconfiguration and not lockingly engage with ribs (620) of cannula (612)in the movable configuration. As shown in FIGS. 22A-22B, grippingsurfaces (654, 656) each include a plurality of engagement features,shown as teeth (670, 672), configured to lockingly engage with ribs(620) disposed on an outer surface of cannula tube (616) of cannula(612) in the fixed configuration and not lockingly engage with ribs(620) disposed on the outer surface of cannula tube (616) in the movableconfiguration. Three individual teeth (670, 672) are shown, and arearranged mimic the shape of scallops of cannula (612). Alternatively,while not shown, gripping surfaces (654, 656) may include a smoothsurface (not shown) that is configured to frictionally engage ribs (620)of cannula tube (616) of cannula (612) in the fixed configuration andnot frictionally engage ribs (620) of cannula (612) in the movableconfiguration.

Depth limiter (610) may be movable by the user (U) between the movableconfiguration shown in FIG. 22A and the fixed configuration shown inFIG. 22B. In other words, depth limiter (610) may be selectivelyactuated from the fixed configuration having a first effective diameter(ED1) to the movable configuration having a second effective diameter(ED2) to couple depth limiter (610) with cannula tube (616).Additionally, depth limiter (610) is movable by the user (U) from thefixed configuration to the movable configuration to decouple depthlimiter (610) from cannula tube (616). Particularly, FIG. 22A shows atop plan view of depth limiter (610) and cannula tube (124) of FIG. 5with cannula tube (616) being shown in cross-section, where depthlimiter (610) is in the movable configuration allowing for axialmovement of depth limiter (610) relative to cannula tube (616) whenactuated by the user (U).

In the movable configuration of FIG. 22A, gripping surfaces (654, 656)collectively form the second effective diameter (ED2) that allows foraxial movement of depth limiter (610) relative to an outer diameter ofcannula tube (616) of cannula (612). In other words, actuation of usercontact portions (622, 624) is configured to respectively cause biasingfeatures (626, 628) to move gripping surfaces (654, 656) outwardly toselectively disengage cannula (612) in the movable configuration. Asshown in FIGS. 22A-22B, the first effective diameter (ED1) is smallerthan the second effective diameter (ED2). As shown, user contactportions (622, 624) are configured to be actuated by the user (U) usingthumb and index fingers. However, the user (U) may depress user contactportions (622, 624) in other ways (e.g., using one or more fingers andthe palm). In the movable configuration, the virtual diameter defined byopposing gripping surfaces (654, 656) is larger than that of cannulatube (616), allowing for free movement of depth limiter (610) to anyuser-specified depth along cannula tube (616). In other words, thethickness of thin portions (638, 644) cause the effective diameter toexpand from the first effective diameter (ED1) to the second effectivediameter (ED2) due to bi-axial stresses induced caused by pinching usercontact features (622, 624). As shown, gripping surface (654) isradially offset from the user contact portions (622, 624) byapproximately 90 degrees, and gripping surface (656) is radially offsetfrom the user contact portions (622, 624) by approximately 90 degrees.

Pushing user contact portions (622, 624) along first axis causesgripping features (650, 652) to expand along a perpendicular second axis(push in one direction with the effect being in a perpendiculardirection). User pinch force deflects perpendicular surfaces inward,causing gripping surfaces (654, 656) to move outwardly and up tounlatch. Depth limiter (610) has a biaxially curved shape to inducedesired flexing in the perpendicular direction when pinched or pulled inthe other direction. Perpendicular to these features, at the moreproximal end, are thin portions (638, 644) (i.e., a slot, oval, or othercurved shape removes more material from the inner surfaces here). Thisthinning causes flexibility, such that when the user pinches frombuttons (630, 632), the stresses induced in the part cause grippingfeatures (650, 652) to rotate up and away from the cannula (e.g., in agull-wing motion). The dimensions of thin portions (638, 644) may bemanipulated to allow for easier actuation forces versus higher clampforces and/or to account for different material characteristics.

FIG. 22B shows a top plan view of depth limiter (610) and cannula tube(616) of FIG. 22A, but with depth limiter (610) in a fixed configurationthat restricts axial movement of depth limiter (610) relative to cannulatube (616). In the fixed configuration, gripping surfaces (654, 656)collectively form a first effective diameter (ED1) that restricts axialmovement of depth limiter (610) relative to cannula (612) by directlycontacting cannula (612). The user (U) may release gripping surfaces(654, 656) from FIG. 22A from the outer surface of cannula tube (616),so that biasing features (626, 628) return to the fixed configuration.Gripping surfaces (654, 656) may be disposed circumferentially oppositeone another and may be configured to directly contact circumferentiallyopposite sides of cannula (612) in the fixed configuration.

First effective diameter (ED1) defined by gripping surfaces (654, 656)is smaller than the outer diameter cannula tube (616) when biasingfeatures (626, 628) are in the fixed configuration. The fixedconfiguration may be considered the resting configuration. As shown,gripping surfaces (654, 656) do not completely (or entirely) surroundcannula tube (616) of cannula (612) in either the fixed configuration orthe movable configuration. Instead, gripping surfaces (654, 656) may bespaced apart from one another in both of the fixed and movableconfigurations and separated by gaps (658, 660). In the fixedconfiguration of FIG. 18B, gripping surfaces (654, 656) are shown tocollectively grip less than half of the circumference of cannula tube(616); however, this may vary. As shown, depth limiter (610) isgenerally circular in shape when in the fixed configuration (i.e., theresting configuration).

Depth limiter (610) may be reusable or disposable. For example, depthlimiter (610) may be injection molded for an inexpensive disposablemodel. Depth limiter (610) may be integrally formed together as aunitary piece. For example, depth limiter (610) may be singularinjection molded component would enable very low cost of goods and arelatively high clamping force versus relatively low user-actuateddeclamping force. For example, depth limiter (610) may be formed from apolymeric material (e.g., plastic). Alternatively, depth limiter (610)may be metal-injection molded for a re-usable model. Additionally, insome versions, depth limiter (610) may be modified for more effectivestamping, machining, and welding processes.

F. Sixth Exemplary Depth Limiter

FIGS. 23-25B show a sixth exemplary depth limiter (710). Particularly,FIG. 23 shows a perspective view of depth limiter (710), and FIG. 24shows a top plan view of depth limiter (710) of FIG. 23 . As shown,depth limiter (710) includes a housing (712), user contact portions(714, 716), and biasing features (718, 720). Housing (712) may include acylindrical portion (722) and a truncated cone portion (724) with anaperture (726) extending therethrough configured to receive cannula tube(124) of cannula (120). In some versions, truncated cone portion (724)may be shorter, such that the overall height of depth limiter (710) maybe shorter and more compact. As shown, cylindrical portion (722)includes projections (728, 730) that are project radially inward. Usercontact portions (714, 716), which may be in the form of buttons, may bedisposed opposite from one another, and may be configured to be actuatedby the user (U). User contact portions (714, 716) include outer surfaces(731, 733) that are shown as being generally circular. While not shown,outer surfaces (731, 733) may include gripping features that areconfigured to enhance the gripping of respective user contact portions(714, 716) and/or allow the user (U) to locate user contact portions(714, 716) without visualization.

Biasing features (718, 720) may be disposed opposite one another, andmay act as opposing spring-retained levers. As shown, biasing feature(718) includes a resilient portion (shown as a spring (732) in FIGS.25A-25B) and a biasing arm (734). Spring (732) is coiled around a pin(735) and is received by projection (728) to bias biasing arm (734).Biasing arm (734) includes a gripping member (736) that includes agripping surface (738) configured to receive cannula tube (124).Similarly, biasing feature (720) includes a resilient portion (shown asa spring (740) in FIGS. 25A-25B) and a biasing arm (742). Spring (740)is coiled around a pin (741) and is received by projection (730) to biasbiasing arm (742). Biasing arm (742) includes a gripping member (744)that includes a gripping surface (746) configured to receive anotherportion of cannula tube (124). In FIG. 24 , housing (712) is shown inphantom to expose biasing arms (734, 742) of biasing features (718,720).

Gripping surfaces (738, 746) are sized and configured to receive cannulatube (124) at discrete regions. Gripping surfaces (738, 746) may extendparallel to a longitudinal axis defined by cannula tube (124) of cannula(120). Gripping surfaces (738, 746) of gripping members (736, 744) arespaced apart from one another by gaps (748, 750) in both of the fixedand movable configurations. Gripping surfaces (738, 746) are shown ascylindrical clamping surfaces that interfere with cannula (120) andprovide clamping pressure. Gripping surfaces (738, 746) may be smooth ornon-smooth. As shown, gripping surfaces (738, 746) may include a smootharcuate surface that is configured to frictionally engage ribs (128) ofcannula tube (124) of cannula (120) in the fixed configuration and notfrictionally engage ribs (128) of cannula (120) in the movableconfiguration. Alternatively, while not shown, a non-smooth surface mayinclude one or more features to lockingly engage cannula tube (124). Forexample, at least one of gripping surfaces (738, 746) may include atleast one engagement feature (e.g., teeth) configured to lockinglyengage with at least one of rib (128) of cannula (120) in the fixedconfiguration and not lockingly engage with rib (128) of cannula (120)in the movable configuration.

Depth limiter (710) is movable by the user (U) between a movableconfiguration shown in FIG. 25A and a fixed configuration shown in FIG.25B. In other words, depth limiter (710) may be selectively actuatedfrom the fixed configuration having a first effective diameter (ED1) tothe movable configuration having a second effective diameter (ED2) todecouple depth limiter (710) from cannula tube (124). Additionally,depth limiter (710) is movable by the user (U) from the movableconfiguration to the fixed configuration to couple depth limiter (710)to cannula tube (124). Particularly, FIG. 25A shows a side partialcross-sectional view of depth limiter (710) of FIG. 23 coupled withcannula tube (124) of FIG. 5 , where depth limiter (710) is in a movableconfiguration that allows for axial movement of depth limiter relative(710) to cannula tube (124) when actuated by the user (U).

In the movable configuration of FIG. 25A, gripping surfaces (738, 746)collectively form the second effective diameter (ED2) that allows foraxial movement of depth limiter (710) relative to an outer diameter ofcannula tube (124) of cannula (120). In other words, actuation of usercontact portions (714, 716) is configured to respectively cause biasingfeatures (718, 720) to move gripping surfaces (738, 746) radiallyoutward to selectively disengage cannula (120) in the movableconfiguration. As shown in FIGS. 25A-25B, the first effective diameter(ED1) is smaller than the second effective diameter (ED2). As shown,user contact portions (714, 716) are configured to be actuated by theuser (U) using thumb and index fingers. However, the user (U) maydepress user contact portions (714, 716) in other ways (e.g., using oneor more fingers and the palm).

As shown in FIG. 25A, biasing arms (734, 742) are pivotably mountedwithin housing (712) to clamp onto cannula (120) using gripping members(736, 744). Biasing arms (734, 742) clamp passively, engaged by springs(732, 740), and the user unclamps biasing arms (734, 742) by pushing onuser contact portions (714, 716) which tilts the levers (shown asbiasing arms (734, 742)). This interference is passively biased by theforce of springs (732, 740) which push biasing arms (734, 742) to be inthe fixed configuration, thereby clamping onto outer surface of cannulatube (124). The user unclamps biasing arms (734, 742) by pushing on usercontact portions (714, 716), thus rotating the biasing arms (734, 742),and pushing against springs (732, 740), allowing depth limiter (710) tobe repositioned. Springs (732, 740) may be torsion springs and/or axialsprings to push biasing arms (734, 742) passively towards the fixedconfiguration.

FIG. 25B shows a side partial cross-sectional plan view of depth limiter(710) and cannula tube (124) of FIG. 25A, but with depth limiter (710)in the fixed configuration that restricts axial movement of depthlimiter (710) relative to cannula tube (124). In the fixedconfiguration, gripping surfaces (738, 746) collectively form a firsteffective diameter (ED1) that restricts axial movement of depth limiter(710) relative to cannula (120) by directly contacting cannula (120).First effective diameter (ED1) defined by gripping surfaces (738, 746)is smaller than the outer diameter cannula tube (124) when biasingfeatures (718, 720) are in the fixed configuration. The fixedconfiguration is the resting configuration. Gripping surfaces (738, 746)are disposed circumferentially opposite one another and are configuredto directly contact circumferentially opposite sides of cannula (120) inthe fixed configuration. As shown, gripping surfaces (738, 746) do notcompletely (or entirely) surround cannula tube (124) of cannula (120) ineither the fixed configuration or the movable configuration. Instead,gripping surfaces (738, 746) are spaced apart from one another in bothof the fixed and movable configurations and separated by gaps (748,750).

Depth limiter (710) may be reusable or disposable. For example, depthlimiter (710) may be injection molded for an inexpensive disposablemodel. For example, depth limiter (710) may be formed from a polymericmaterial (e.g., plastic). Alternatively, depth limiter (710) may bemetal-injection molded for a re-usable model. Additionally, in someversions, depth limiter (710) may be modified for more effectivestamping, machining, and welding processes. In some versions, depthlimiter (710) may be completely formed of metal.

G. Seventh Exemplary Depth Limiter

FIGS. 26-28 show a seventh exemplary depth limiter (810). Particularly,FIG. 26 shows a perspective view of depth limiter (810) and FIG. 28shows an exploded view of depth limiter (810) of FIG. 26 . As shown,depth limiter (810) includes a housing (812), user contact portions(814, 816), and biasing features (818, 820). Housing (812) may include acylindrical top (822) and a truncated cone portion (824) that includes aside aperture (826). In some versions, truncated cone portion (824) maybe shorter, such that the overall height of depth limiter (810) isshorter and more compact. As shown, cylindrical top (822) includes anaperture (828) and truncated cone portion (824) includes an aperture(830). Apertures (828, 830) are configured to receive cannula tube (124)of cannula (120) therethrough. As shown, biasing features (818, 820)collectively form a torsion spring. Biasing features (818, 820) arehoused within housing (812) to prevent tissue pinching between biasingfeatures (818, 820) and act as an abutment surface against the abdominalwall (2) shown in FIG. 3A-3D.

User contact portions (814, 816) may be disposed generally adjacent oneanother (e.g., on the same side of cannula tube (124)), and areconfigured to be actuated by the user (U). For example, user contactportions (814, 816) may include overmold on the ends, and/or any otherergonomically suitable end-treatments. As shown, user contact portions(814, 816) are disposed on the same side of depth limiter (810), and arenot disposed directly opposite one another. User contact portions (814,816) include outer surfaces (832, 834) that are shown as being generallyrectangular. While not shown, outer surfaces (832, 834) may includegripping features that are configured to enhance the gripping ofrespective user contact portions (814, 816) and/or allow the user tolocate user contact portions (814, 816) without visualization.

Biasing feature (818) includes a resilient portion (shown as a coilportion (836)). Similarly, biasing feature (820) includes a resilientportion (shown as a coil portion (838)). Coil portions (836, 838)respectively include gripping surfaces (840, 842). Gripping surfaces(840, 842) are sized and configured to receive cannula tube (124).Gripping surfaces (840, 842) may extend parallel to a longitudinal axisdefined by cannula tube (124) of cannula (120). Gripping surfaces (840,842) of coil portions (836, 838) completely surround cannula tube (124)in both of the fixed and movable configurations. Gripping surfaces (840,842) may be smooth or non-smooth. As shown, gripping surfaces (840, 842)may include a smooth arcuate surface that is configured to frictionallyengage ribs (128) of cannula tube (124) of cannula (120) in the fixedconfiguration and not frictionally engage ribs (128) of cannula (120) inthe movable configuration. Alternatively, while not shown, a non-smoothsurface may include one or more features to lockingly engage cannulatube (124). For example, at least one of gripping surfaces (840, 842)may include at least one engagement feature (e.g. teeth) configured tolockingly engage with at least one of rib (128) of cannula (120) in thefixed configuration and not lockingly engage with rib (128) of cannula(120) in the movable configuration. Gripping surfaces (840, 842) maynestle onto the outer surface on cannula (120) to increase retentionforce.

Depth limiter (810) is movable by the user (U) between a movableconfiguration shown in FIG. 27A and a fixed configuration shown in FIG.27B. In other words, depth limiter (810) may be selectively actuatedfrom the fixed configuration having a first effective diameter (ED1) tothe movable configuration having a second effective diameter (ED2) tocouple depth limiter (810) from cannula tube (124). Additionally, depthlimiter (810) is movable by the user (U) from the fixed configuration tothe movable configuration to decouple depth limiter (810) from cannulatube (124). Particularly, FIG. 27A shows a top plan view of depthlimiter (810) of FIG. 26 coupled with cannula tube (124) of FIG. 6 shownin cross-section, where the upper housing (shown as cylindrical top(822)) of depth limiter (810) is removed to show depth limiter (810) inthe movable configuration.

In the movable configuration of FIG. 27A, gripping surfaces (840, 842)collectively form second effective diameter (ED2) that allows for axialmovement of depth limiter (810) relative to an outer diameter of cannulatube (124) of cannula (120). In other words, actuation of user contactportions (814, 816) is configured to respectively cause biasing features(818, 820) to expand gripping surfaces (840, 842) radially outward toselectively disengage cannula (120) in the movable configuration. Asshown, user contact portions (814, 816) are configured to be actuated bythe user (U) using thumb and index fingers. However, the user (U) maydepress user contact portions (814, 816) in other ways (e.g., using oneor more fingers and the palm). The user (U) may increase the innerdiameter of gripping surfaces (840, 842) by pinching outer surfaces(832, 834) of user contact portions (814, 816) together. Biasingfeatures (818, 820) are passively engaged to the cannula (120) viaspring-force, and are disengaged from cannula (120) by squeezingtogether two handles (814, 816) attached to its terminal ends, whichopens up biasing features (818, 820). Biasing features (818, 820),collectively forming a torsion spring, are sized and configured toprovide an interference/compression fit with the cannula (120) in thefixed configuration.

FIG. 27B shows a top plan view of depth limiter (810) and cannula tube(124) of FIG. 27A, but with depth limiter (810) in the fixedconfiguration that restricts axial movement of depth limiter (810)relative to cannula tube (124). In the fixed configuration, grippingsurfaces (840, 842) collectively form a first effective diameter (ED1)that restricts axial movement of depth limiter (810) relative to cannula(120) by directly contacting cannula (120). First effective diameter(ED1) defined by gripping surfaces (840, 842) is smaller than the outerdiameter cannula tube (124) when biasing features (818, 820) are in thefixed configuration. The fixed configuration is the restingconfiguration.

Depth limiter (810) may be reusable or disposable. For example, depthlimiter (810) may be injection molded for an inexpensive disposablemodel. For example, depth limiter (810) may be formed from a polymericmaterial (e.g., plastic). Alternatively, depth limiter (810) may bemetal-injection molded for a re-usable model. Additionally, in someversions, depth limiter (810) may be modified for more effectivestamping, machining, and welding processes. In some versions, depthlimiter (810) may be completely formed of metal. Depth limiter (810) mayprovide a high clamping force depending on torsion spring selection.Additionally, as shown, depth limiter (810) includes simplepinch-to-release controls using user contact portions (814, 816).

H. Eighth Exemplary Depth Limiter

FIGS. 29-31B show an eighth exemplary depth limiter (910). Particularly,FIG. 29 shows a perspective view of depth limiter (910) of a surgicalaccess device, and FIG. 30 shows a partial top sectional view of depthlimiter (910) of FIG. 29 and a cannula (912). As shown in FIG. 30 ,cannula (912) includes a cannula tube (914) having a first diameter (D1)configured to be selectively coupled with depth limiter (910).

Depth limiter (910) may include a housing (916), a biasing feature(918), and a slidable member (920). Housing (916) may include opposingupper and lower housing portions (922, 924). Upper and lower housingportions (922, 924) may form a slot (926) configured to receive slidablemember (920). Upper housing portion (922) includes an aperture (928)that communicates with slot (926). As show, aperture (928) opens to slot(926) and which may be sized and configured to receive cannula tube(124). Similarly, lower housing portion (924) may include an aperture ora void (not shown) that opens to slot (926), such that upper and lowerhousing portions (922, 924) may receive collectively cannula tube (124)therethrough. Aperture (928) may extend along a longitudinal axis thatis transverse to a length of housing (916). As shown in FIG. 30 ,housing (916) is partially removed to expose biasing feature (918), slot(926), and slidable member (920). While biasing feature (918) is shownas a single coil spring, a variety of suitable biasing features areenvisioned, including the use of multiple biasing features (918), ifdesired. As shown in FIGS. 30 and 31A, biasing feature (918) is disposedat least partially within slot (926) collectively formed by upper andlower housing portions (922, 924). For example, biasing feature (918)may be at least partially housed within a recess (942).

Slidable member (920) may be disposed at least partially within slot(926). Slidable member (920) includes an aperture (932) extendingtherethrough. Slidable member (920) may be movably coupled with biasingfeature (918) between a fixed configuration and a movable configuration.In the fixed configuration, aperture (928) of upper housing portion(922) and aperture (932) of slidable member (920) are at least partiallyaligned to restrict axial movement of depth limiter (910) relative tocannula (912). As shown, aperture (932) of slidable member (920) mayinclude a gripping surface (934). Gripping surface (934) is shown ashaving a tapered oblong shape that is configured to accommodate cannulas(120, 912) having different diameters (D1, D2) in the closed and movableconfigurations. The tapered oblong interior shape of aperture (932) ofslidable member (920) permits use with various sizes of cannulas (120,912), such that tapered oblong shape allows biasing feature (918) (e.g.,a spring) to close down on gripping surface (934) to accommodatedifferent sized cannula tubes (124, 914). In other words, depth limiter(910) may couple with cannula (120) having a smaller diameter andcannula (912) having a larger diameter with a squeeze by the user (U).The squeeze from the user (U) may also release cannula (120, 912) fromdepth limiter (910) allowing for quick adjustment or removal. Asdescribed above, depth limiter (910) may also be used with cannula tube(22) of cannula (20), cannula tube (416) of cannula (412), or othersuitable cannulas having a range of outer diameters.

As shown, a terminal end of slidable member (920) includes a usercontact portion (936). A side of housing (916) opposite slot (926) actsas a user contact portion (938). As such, user contact portions (936,938) are disposed generally opposite one another, and are configured tobe actuated by the user (U). One or both of user contact portions (936,938) may include gripping features that are configured to enhance thegripping of respective user contact portions (936, 938) and/or allow theuser to locate user contact portions (936, 938) without visualization.

A least a portion of aperture (928) of upper housing portion (922) formgripping surfaces (940). Gripping surfaces (934, 940) are configured torestrict axial movement of depth limiter (910) relative to cannula (912)at discrete regions. Gripping surfaces (934, 940) may extend parallel toa longitudinal axis defined by cannula tube (124) of cannula (120). Asshown, gripping surfaces (934, 940) may be smooth arcuate surface thatis configured to frictionally engage ribs (not shown) of cannula tube(124) of cannula (120) in the fixed configuration and not frictionallyengage ribs (128) of cannula (120) in the movable configuration.Alternatively, while not shown, a non-smooth surface may include one ormore features to lockingly engage cannula tube (124). For example, atleast one of gripping surfaces (934, 940) may include at least oneengagement feature (e.g. teeth) configured to lockingly engage with atleast one of rib (128) of cannula (120) in the fixed configuration andnot lockingly engage with rib (128) of cannula (120) in the movableconfiguration. Gripping surfaces (934, 940) may nestle onto an outersurface on cannula (120) to increase retention force. Gripping surfaces(934, 940) form a central aperture that is configured to extend along acentral surgical access device axis (A).

Depth limiter (910) may be movable by the user (U) between a movableconfiguration shown in FIG. 31A and a fixed configuration shown in FIG.31B. In other words, depth limiter (910) may be selectively actuatedfrom the fixed configuration having a first effective diameter (ED1) tothe movable configuration having a second effective diameter (ED2) todecouple depth limiter (910) from cannula tube (124). Additionally,depth limiter (910) may be movable by the user (U) from the movableconfiguration to the fixed configuration to couple depth limiter (910)to cannula tube (124). Particularly, FIG. 31A shows a partial topsectional view of depth limiter (910) of FIG. 29 coupled with a cannulatube (124) having a second diameter (D2) shown in cross-section, wheredepth limiter (910) is in the movable configuration.

In the movable configuration, aperture (930) of upper housing portion(922) and aperture (932) of slidable member (920) collectively formsecond effective diameter (ED2) that allows for axial movement of depthlimiter (910) relative to cannula (912). In other words, in the movableconfiguration of FIG. 31A, gripping surfaces (934, 940) collectivelyform the second effective diameter (ED2) that allows for axial movementof depth limiter (910) relative to an outer diameter of cannula tube(124) of cannula (120). In other words, actuation of user contactportions (936, 938) is configured to respectively cause biasing features(918, 820) to bias gripping surfaces (934, 940) radially outward toselectively disengage cannula (120) in the movable configuration. Asshown, user contact portions (936, 938) are configured to be actuated bythe user (U) using thumb and index fingers. However, the user (U) maydepress user contact portions (936, 938) in other ways (e.g., using oneor more fingers and the palm).

FIG. 31B shows a top plan view of depth limiter (910) and cannula tube(124) of FIG. 31A with cannula tube (124) shown in cross-section, butwith depth limiter (910) in the fixed configuration similar to FIG. 30 .In the fixed configuration, gripping surfaces (934, 940) collectivelyform a first effective diameter (ED1) that restricts axial movement ofdepth limiter (910) relative to cannula (120) by directly contactingcannula (120). First effective diameter (ED1) defined by grippingsurfaces (934, 940) is smaller than the outer diameter of cannula tube(124) when biasing feature (918) is in the fixed configuration. Thefixed configuration may be considered the resting configuration.

Depth limiter (910) may be reusable or disposable. For example, depthlimiter (910) may be injection molded for an inexpensive disposablemodel. For example, depth limiter (910) may be formed from a polymericmaterial (e.g., plastic). Alternatively, depth limiter (910) may bemetal-injection molded for a re-usable model. Depth limiter (910) maysterilized using an autoclave, so that steam may enter depth limiter(910) or by completely sealing the depth limiter (910). Additionally, insome versions, depth limiter (910) may be modified for more effectivestamping, machining, and welding processes. In some versions, depthlimiter (910) may be completely formed of metal. Depth limiter (910) maybe made from four components, shown as biasing feature (918), andslidable member (920), upper housing portion (922), and lower housingportion (924).

I. Ninth Exemplary Depth Limiter

FIG. 32 shows a perspective view of a ninth exemplary depth limiter(1010). Depth limiter (1010) includes a hub (1012) and a plurality oflegs (1014). Depth limiter (1010) may be used in combination with depthlimiters (210, 310, 410, 510, 610, 710, 810, 910) described above. Whilehub (1012) is shown as being generally square shaped, other shapes ofhub (1012) are also envisioned. While FIGS. 32-33B describe depthlimiter (1010) with reference to cannula tube (22) of trocar (10) ofFIG. 1 , cannula tube (124, 416, 616) of cannula (120, 412, 612) mayalso be used. As shown, hub (1012) includes an aperture (1016) extendingcompletely therethrough. Aperture (1016) may include a gripping surface(1018). Gripping surface (1018) may extend parallel to a longitudinalaxis defined by cannula tube (22) of cannula (20). Gripping surface(1018) may be smooth or non-smooth. As shown in FIG. 32 , grippingsurface (1018) includes a smooth surface that may frictionally engage aportion of cannula (20), such as ribs (26). Alternatively, grippingsurface (1018) may include a non-smooth surface may include one or morefeatures to lockingly engage cannula tube (22). In other words, depthlimiter (1010) may be secured to cannula (20) with mating threads (likea nut) or secured to a scalloped cannula with an appropriate amount ofinterference fit. Such threads of depth limiter (1010) may be helical ornon-helical (e.g., scallops). For example, gripping surface (1018) mayinclude at least one tooth configured to lockingly engage with at leastone of rib (26) of cannula (20).

Legs (1014) may have a generally constant cross-sectional area movingradially away from hub (1012); however, legs (1014) may have anon-uniform cross-section. For example, one or more ends of legs (1014)may include cupped portions (1020) to distribute the downward force. Asshown, legs (1014) are separated by approximately 90 degrees. More orfewer legs (1014) are also envisioned.

Depth limiter (1010) may provide additional stability to the trocar (10)for anti-tip resistance. Depth limiter (1010) may be configured torestrict sudden tilting using legs (1014), thereby stabilizing cannula(20). Depth limiter (1010) is configured to prevent accidentalover-insertion into body, while also restricting the displacement and/orvelocity of off-axis tilting of trocar (10) to stabilize trocar (10,110). This stabilization may be achieved using mechanical spring effectsof each leg (1014). Legs (1014) may have a reduced mass allowing legs(1014) to flex outwardly, causing a variable amount of spring-resistancein each direction trocar (10) attempts to tilt. For example, legs (1014)may have reduced mass portions (e.g., living hinge portions), and/or mayrely on inherent spring force of legs (1014). Legs (1014) may contactthe patient's body wall to prevent or at least decelerate tip over ofcannula (20).

FIGS. 33A-33B show depth limiter (1010); however, the teachings of FIGS.33A-33B may also apply to depth limiters (1110, 1210) described indetail below. FIG. 33A shows a partial side sectional view of depthlimiter (1010) of FIG. 32 coupled with cannula tube (22) of cannulaassembly (12) of trocar (10) of FIG. 1 , where legs (1014) of depthlimiter (1010) are in a non-deployed configuration when distal end oftrocar (10) is received within abdominal cavity (1). In the non-deployedconfiguration (e.g., the resting configuration) of FIG. 33A, legs (1014)may be curved downwardly. As depth limiter (1010) is pushed againstabdominal wall (2), legs (1014) bend flatter and provide reactionspring-forces against abdominal wall (2) and cannula (20). The degree atwhich legs (1014) bend flatter may be controlled by the user. Forexample, additional force (e.g., downward hand pressure by the user) maycause legs (1014) to bend flatter until depth limiter (1010) is disposedadjacent to abdominal wall (2). As the flatness of legs (1014)increases, the amount of reactive forces on cannula (20) may alsoincrease, which increases the locking force. For example, when the userhas depressed depth limiter (1010) to a partially (but not fully)deployed configuration, legs (1014) may have some degree of deployment.Additionally, if the user then applies an off-axis loading, one or moreof legs (1014) may depress further than the other legs (1014), but uponremoval of the off-axis load, legs (1014) may be equalized and return ina controlled manner to a centered home position.

FIG. 33B shows a partial side sectional view of depth limiter (1010) ofFIG. 32 coupled with cannula tube (22) of cannula assembly (12) of FIG.1 following detachment and removal of obturator (16), where legs (1014)of depth limiter (1010) are in a deployed configuration with a distalend of cannula tube (22) received within abdominal cavity (1). In thedeployed configuration, legs (1014) may reduce the amount of rotationaldisplacement/tilt that trocar (10) may achieve, and may also reduce thevelocity that trocar (10) may achieve that tilt (i.e., preventing suddenaccidental moves within the body). To completely undeploy depth limiter(1010) from cannula (12), the user may retract cannula tube (22) out ofabdominal wall (2) to sufficiently reduce the compressive/clampingforces of depth limiter (1010) on the abdominal wall (2), such that theuser may pull the depth limiter (1010) back using their hand. Depthlimiter (1010) may be disposable or re-usable.

J. Tenth Exemplary Depth Limiter

FIG. 34 shows a tenth exemplary depth limiter (1110) that is similar todepth limiter (1010). Depth limiter (1110) includes a hub (1112) similarto hub (1012), legs (1114) similar to legs (1014), an aperture (1116)similar to aperture (1016), a gripping surface (1118) of aperture (1116)similar to gripping surface (1018). Legs (1114) may include cuppedportions (1120) similar to cupped portions (1020). Unlike depth limiter(1010) that is shown as including four legs (1014), depth limiter (1110)includes two legs (1114). For example, legs (1114) may be separated byapproximately 180 degrees. Legs (1114) flex similar to legs (1014) shownabove with reference to FIGS. 33A-33B.

K. Eleventh Exemplary Depth Limiter

FIG. 35 shows an eleventh exemplary depth limiter (1210) that is similarto depth limiters (1010, 1110). Depth limiter (1210) includes a hub(1212) similar to hub (1012), legs (1214) similar to legs (1014), anaperture (1216) similar to aperture (1016), a gripping surface (1218) ofaperture (1216) similar to gripping surface (1018). Legs (1114) mayinclude cupped portions (1220) similar to cupped portions (1020). Unlikedepth limiter (1010) that is shown as including four legs (1014), depthlimiter (1210) includes three legs (1214). For example, legs (1214) maybe circumferentially separated uniformly by approximately 120 degreesaround hub (1212). However, legs (1214) may be non-uniformly separated.In some instances, the use of three or four legs (1014, 1214, 1314,1414) may allow for further stability and ergonomics to allow for fingergrip of user (U). Legs (1214) may flex similar to legs (1014) shownabove with reference to FIGS. 33A-33B.

L. Twelfth Exemplary Depth Limiter

FIGS. 36-38B show a twelfth exemplary depth limiter (1310).Particularly, FIG. 36 shows a perspective view of depth limiter (1310).As shown, depth limiter (1310) includes a hub (1312) and a plurality oflegs (1314). extending from hub (1312). Depth limiter (1310) may be usedin combination with any one or more of depth limiters (210, 310, 410,510, 610, 710, 810, 910) described above. While hub (1312) is shown asbeing generally cylindrically shaped, other shapes of hub (1312) arealso envisioned. As shown, hub (1312) includes an aperture (1316) and aplurality of notches (1318). Notches (1318) may transform depth limiter(1310) from a movable configuration to a fixed configuration.

Aperture (1316) includes a gripping surface (1320) that is configured tocouple with the outer surface of cannula tube (124) in the fixedconfiguration. Gripping surface (1320) may extend parallel to alongitudinal axis defined by cannula tube (124) of cannula (120).Gripping surface (1320) may be smooth or non-smooth. As shown in FIG. 36, gripping surface (1320) may include a smooth surface that frictionallyengages ribs (128) of cannula (120) in the fixed configuration.Alternatively, gripping surface (1320) may include a non-smooth surfacemay include one or more features to lockingly engage cannula tube (124).Hub (1312) of depth limiter (1310) may be secured to cannula (120) withmating threads (like a nut) or may be secured to a scalloped cannulausing an interference fit. Threads may be helical or non-helical (e.g.,scallops). For example, gripping surface (1320) may include at least onetooth configured to lockingly engage with at least one of rib (128) ofcannula (120). For example, notches (1318) may be formed in hub (1312)of depth limiter (1310), such that each leg (1314) may selectivelycollapse when adequate force acts on that leg (1314), causing grippingsurface (1320) to clamp down tighter on cannula (120). As such, depthlimiter (1310) may limit insertion depth of cannula tube (124) ofcannula (120) and provide stability control of cannula tube (124) ofcannula (120).

Legs (1314) may have a generally tapering cross-section moving radiallyaway from hub (1312). For example, one or more ends of legs (1314) mayinclude distal pad (1322) to distribute the downward force. As shown,legs (1314) are separated by approximately 90 degrees. Legs (1314) maybe non-uniformly separated. Additionally, more or fewer legs (1314) arealso envisioned (similar to those shown in FIGS. 34-35 associated withdepth limiters (1110, 1210). Depth limiter (1310) may provide additionalstability to the trocar (110) for anti-tip resistance. Depth limiter(1310) may be configured to restrict sudden tilting using legs (1314),thereby stabilizing cannula (120). Legs (1314) may contact body wall toprevent or at least decelerate tip over of cannula (120). While FIGS.37A-38B describe depth limiter (1310) with reference to cannula tube(124) of trocar (110), cannula tube (22, 416, 616) of cannula (20, 412,612) may also be used.

FIGS. 37A and 38A show depth limiter (1310) in the movableconfiguration. Particularly, FIG. 37A shows a top plan view of depthlimiter (1310) of FIG. 36 coupled with cannula tube (124) of cannulaassembly (112) of FIG. 5 , where hub (1312) of depth limiter (1310) isin a movable configuration. FIG. 38A shows a partial side sectional viewof depth limiter (1310) of FIG. 36 coupled with cannula tube (124) ofcannula assembly (112) of FIG. 5 , where legs (1314) of depth limiter(1310) are in the movable configuration. In the movable configuration ofFIGS. 37A and 38A, gripping surface (1320) forms a second effectivediameter (ED2) that allows for axial movement of depth limiter (1310)relative to an outer diameter of cannula tube (124) of cannula (112). Inthe movable configuration, also considered the resting configuration,legs (1314) are curved downwardly. Once pushed against abdominal wall(2), legs (1314) bend flatter and provide a reaction force againstabdominal wall (2) and cannula (120).

FIGS. 37B and 38B show depth limiter (1310) in the fixed configuration.Particularly, FIG. 37B shows a partial side sectional view of depthlimiter (1310) of FIG. 36 coupled with cannula tube (124) of cannulaassembly (112) of FIG. 5 following detachment and removal of obturator(116), where legs (1314) of depth limiter (1310) are in the fixedconfiguration. FIG. 38B shows a partial side sectional view of depthlimiter (1310) of FIG. 36 coupled with cannula tube (124) of cannulaassembly (112) of FIG. 5 following detachment and removal of obturator(116), where legs (1314) of depth limiter (1310) are in the fixedconfiguration. In the fixed configuration, notches (1318) may be forcedclosed to narrow aperture (1316). Legs (1314) may reduce the amount ofrotational displacement/tilt that trocar (110) may exhibit, and may alsoreduce the velocity at which trocar (110) may assume that tilt (i.e.,preventing sudden movements within the body). In the fixedconfiguration, gripping surfaces (1320) collectively form a firsteffective diameter (ED1) that restricts axial movement of depth limiter(1310) relative to cannula (120) by directly contacting cannula (120).Depth limiter (1310) may be disposable or reusable.

M. Thirteenth Exemplary Depth Limiter

FIG. 39 shows a top sectional view of a thirteenth exemplary depthlimiter (1410). Depth limiter (1410) includes a hub (1412) and aplurality of legs (1414) extending from hub (1412). Depth limiter (1410)may be used in combination with any one or more of depth limiters (210,310, 410, 510, 610, 710, 810, 910) described above. In some versions,hub (1412) may being generally cylindrically shaped. As shown, hub(1412) includes an aperture (1416) configured to receive cannula tube(124) of cannula (120). As shown, legs (1414) may be separated byapproximately 90 degrees. However, legs (1414) may be non-uniformlyseparated. Additionally, more or fewer legs (1414) are also envisioned,similar to depth limiters (1110, 1210) shown in FIGS. 34-35 .

Depth limiter (1410) includes a fluid chamber (1418) that may bedisposed within hub (1412) and legs (1414). For example, fluid chamber(1418) may be completely enclosed by hub (1412) and legs (1414). Fluidchamber may include a plurality of fluid passageways (1420) that includenarrow portions (1422). Narrow portions (1422) may be disposed generallybetween hub (1412) and legs (1414). Narrow portions (1422) regulate flowbetween hub (1412) and legs (1414). In other words, fluid chamber (1418)may be integrated into legs (1414) with narrow portions (1422) formingrestricted areas of flow at the base of each leg (1414). As shown, oneor more ends of legs (1414) may include extensive portion (1424)configured to extend from a compressed configuration (C) to an expandedconfiguration (E). Depth limiter (1410) may provide additional stabilityto the trocar (110) for anti-tip resistance. As additional tilt forceacts on each independent leg (1414), the fluid may redistribute to theother legs (1414), but the fluid may be restricted by these restrictedareas (1422), thus creating a damping effect on the tilting of trocar(110). This damping effect may regulate the speed at which trocar (110)tilts. As a result, depth limiter (1410) may restrict sudden tilting oftrocar (110) via restricted fluid flow between legs (1414), therebystabilizing cannula (120).

Aperture (1416) includes a gripping surface (1426) that may couple withthe outer surface of cannula tube (124) of cannula (120). Grippingsurface (1426) may extend parallel to a longitudinal axis defined bycannula tube (124) of cannula (120). Gripping surface (1426) may besmooth or non-smooth. As shown in FIG. 39 , gripping surface (1426) mayinclude a smooth surface that frictionally engages ribs (128) of cannula(120). Alternatively, gripping surface (1426) may include a non-smoothsurface may include one or more features to lockingly engage cannulatube (124). For example, hub (1412) of depth limiter (1410) may besecured to cannula (120) using mating threads (like a nut) or secured toa scalloped cannula. Threads may be helical or non-helical (e.g.,scallops). For example, gripping surface (1426) may include at least onetooth configured to lockingly engage with at least one of rib (128) ofcannula (120). Depth limiter (1410) may be disposable.

N. Exemplary Method

A method of inserting a surgical access device (e.g., trocar 10, 110)through a body wall (e.g., abdominal wall (2)) of a patient is alsodescribed. Trocar (10, 110) includes a cannula (20, 120, 412, 612, 912),an obturator (16, 116), and one or more of depth limiters (210, 310,410, 510, 610, 710, 810, 910, 1010, 1110, 1210, 1310, 1410).

The method includes coupling depth limiter (210, 310, 410, 510, 610,710, 810, 910, 1010, 1110, 1210, 1310, 1410) with cannula tube (22, 124,416, 616) of cannula (20, 120, 412, 612). This coupling may be obtainedby the user (U) actuating user contact portions (224, 232, 320, 322,434, 436, 534, 536, 622, 624, 714, 716, 814, 816, 936, 938) which causesthe resilient portion including gripping surface (256, 258, 370, 374,458, 462, 558, 562, 654, 656, 738, 746, 840, 842, 934, 940, 1018, 1118,1218, 1320, 1426) to move from the fixed configuration to the movableconfiguration.

In the fixed configuration, gripping surfaces (256, 258, 370, 374, 458,462, 558, 562, 654, 656, 738, 746, 840, 842, 934, 940, 1320) maycollectively form a first effective diameter (ED1) that restricts axialmovement of depth limiter (210, 310, 410, 510, 610, 710, 810, 910, 1310)relative to cannula (20, 120, 412, 612) by directly contacting cannula(20, 120, 412, 612). In the movable configuration, gripping surfaces(256, 258, 370, 374, 458, 462, 558, 562, 654, 656, 738, 746, 840, 842,934, 940, 1320) collectively form a second effective diameter (ED2) thatallows for axial movement of depth limiter (210, 310, 410, 510, 610,710, 810, 910, 1310) relative to cannula (20, 120, 412, 612, 912).

The method also includes inserting a least a portion of cannula tube(22, 124, 416, 616, 914) of cannula (20, 120, 412, 612, 912) into thepatient. Depth limiters (210, 310, 410, 510, 610, 710, 810, 910, 1010,1110, 1210, 1310, 1410) may be moved along cannula (20, 120, 412) oncecannula (20, 120, 412) is within the body by user again actuating usercontact portion (224, 232, 320, 322, 434, 436, 534, 536, 622, 624, 714,716, 814, 816, 936, 938) which causes the resilient portion includinggripping surface (256, 258, 370, 374, 458, 462, 558, 562, 654, 656, 738,746, 840, 842, 934, 940, 1018, 1118, 1218, 1320, 1426) to move from thefixed configuration to the movable configuration.

III. Exemplary Combinations

The following examples relate to various non-exhaustive ways in whichthe teachings herein may be combined or applied. It should be understoodthat the following examples are not intended to restrict the coverage ofany claims that may be presented at any time in this application or insubsequent filings of this application. No disclaimer is intended. Thefollowing examples are being provided for nothing more than merelyillustrative purposes. It is contemplated that the various teachingsherein may be arranged and applied in numerous other ways. It is alsocontemplated that some variations may omit certain features referred toin the below examples. Therefore, none of the aspects or featuresreferred to below should be deemed critical unless otherwise explicitlyindicated as such at a later date by the inventors or by a successor ininterest to the inventors. If any claims are presented in thisapplication or in subsequent filings related to this application thatinclude additional features beyond those referred to below, thoseadditional features shall not be presumed to have been added for anyreason relating to patentability.

Example 1

A depth limiter configured to couple with a cannula of a surgical accessdevice, the depth limiter comprising: (a) first and second user contactportions configured to be actuated by a user; (b) a first biasingfeature comprising: (i) a first resilient portion, and (ii) a firstgripping surface, wherein the first gripping surface is movably coupledwith the first resilient portion, wherein the first resilient portion isconfigured to move the first gripping surface from a fixed configurationto a movable configuration when the first user contact portion isactuated by the user; and (c) a second biasing feature comprising: (i) asecond resilient portion, and (ii) a second gripping surface, whereinthe second gripping surface is movably coupled with the second resilientportion, wherein the second resilient portion is configured to move thesecond gripping surface from the fixed configuration to the movableconfiguration when the second user contact portion is actuated by theuser, wherein in the fixed configuration, the first and second grippingsurfaces collectively form a first effective diameter that is configuredto restrict axial movement of the depth limiter relative to the cannulaby directly contacting the cannula, and wherein in the movableconfiguration, the first and second gripping surfaces extend parallel toa longitudinal axis defined by the cannula and collectively form asecond effective diameter that is configured to allow for axial movementof the depth limiter relative to the cannula.

Example 2

The depth limiter of Example 1, wherein the first resilient portion isaffixed to the first gripping surface, wherein the second resilientportion is affixed to the second gripping surface.

Example 3

The depth limiter of any of the preceding Examples, wherein the firstresilient portion is integrally formed together as a unitary piecetogether with the first gripping surface, wherein the second resilientportion is integrally formed together as a unitary piece together withthe second gripping surface.

Example 4

The depth limiter of any of the preceding Examples, wherein the firstgripping surface is radially offset from the first user contact portionby approximately 90 degrees, wherein the second gripping surface isradially offset from the second user contact portion by approximately 90degrees.

Example 5

The depth limiter of any of the preceding Examples, wherein the firstand second gripping surfaces do not completely surround the cannula ineither the fixed configuration or the movable configuration.

Example 6

The depth limiter of any of the preceding Examples, wherein the firstgripping surface is configured to contact the cannula at a firstdiscrete region, wherein the second gripping surface is configured tocontact the cannula at a second discrete region that is spaced from thefirst discrete region.

Example 7

The depth limiter of any of the preceding Examples, wherein the firstand second gripping surfaces are disposed circumferentially opposite oneanother and are configured to directly contact circumferentiallyopposite sides of the cannula in the fixed configuration.

Example 8

The depth limiter of any of the preceding Examples, wherein the firstand second gripping surfaces are spaced apart from one another in bothof the fixed and movable configurations.

Example 9

The depth limiter of any of the preceding Examples, wherein the cannulaincludes a plurality of tissue gripping features, wherein at least oneof the first and second gripping surfaces includes a smooth surface thatis configured to frictionally engage the tissue gripping features of thecannula in the fixed configuration and not frictionally engage thetissue gripping features of the cannula in the movable configuration.

Example 10

The depth limiter of any one or more of Examples 1 through 8, whereinthe cannula includes a plurality of tissue gripping features, wherein atleast one of the first and second gripping surfaces includes at leastone engagement feature configured to lockingly engage with at least oneof the tissue gripping features of the cannula in the fixedconfiguration and not lockingly engage with the tissue gripping featuresof the cannula in the movable configuration.

Example 11

The depth limiter of any one or more of Examples 1 through 8, whereinthe cannula includes a plurality of tissue gripping features, wherein atleast one of the first and second gripping surfaces includes a pluralityof engagement features configured to lockingly engage with the tissuegripping features of the cannula in the fixed configuration and notlockingly engage with the tissue gripping features of the cannula in themovable configuration.

Example 12

The depth limiter of any of the preceding Examples, wherein the firstresilient portion includes first and second biasing arms that aredisposed opposite one another, wherein the second resilient portionincludes first and second biasing arms that are disposed opposite oneanother.

Example 13

The depth limiter of any of the preceding Examples, wherein the firstand second user contact portions that are disposed circumferentiallyopposite one another.

Example 14

The depth limiter of any of the preceding Examples, wherein the depthlimiter is integrally formed together as a unitary piece.

Example 15

The depth limiter of any of the preceding Examples, further comprising ahousing that surrounds the at least one biasing feature while exposingthe first and second user contact portions.

Example 16

A depth limiter configured to couple with a cannula of a surgical accessdevice, the depth limiter comprising: (a) a housing comprising: (i) aslot, and (ii) an aperture extending through the housing, wherein theaperture communicates with the slot, wherein the aperture extends alonga longitudinal axis; (b) a biasing feature disposed at least partiallywithin the slot; and (c) a slidable member disposed at least partiallywithin the slot, wherein the slidable member includes an apertureextending therethrough, wherein the slidable member is movably coupledwith the biasing feature between a fixed configuration and a movableconfiguration, wherein in the fixed configuration, the apertures of thehousing and the slidable member are at least partially aligned tocollectively form a first effective diameter such that the slidablemember and the housing are configured to restrict axial movement of thedepth limiter relative to the cannula, wherein in the movableconfiguration, the apertures of the housing and the slidable membercollectively form a second effective diameter such that the slidablemember and the housing are configured to allow for axial movement of thedepth limiter relative to the cannula.

Example 17

The depth limiter of Example 16, wherein the aperture of the slidablemember has an oblong shape that is configured to accommodate cannulashaving different diameters in both the fixed and movable configurations.

Example 18

A surgical access device assembly comprising: (a) a cannula, wherein thecannula includes a working channel configured to guide a surgicalinstrument along a central axis of the cannula; and (b) a depth limitercomprising: (i) first and second user contact portions configured to beactuated by a user; (ii) a first biasing feature comprising: (A) a firstresilient portion, and (B) a first gripping surface, wherein the firstgripping surface is movably coupled with the first resilient portion,wherein the first resilient portion is configured to move the firstgripping surface from a fixed configuration to a movable configurationwhen the first user contact portion is actuated by the user; and (iii) asecond biasing feature comprising: (A) a second resilient portion, and(B) a second gripping surface, wherein the second gripping surface ismovably coupled with the second resilient portion, wherein the secondresilient portion is configured to move the second gripping surface fromthe fixed configuration to the movable configuration when the seconduser contact portion is actuated by the user, wherein in the fixedconfiguration, the first and second gripping surfaces collectively forma first effective diameter that is configured to restrict axial movementof the depth limiter relative to the cannula by directly contacting thecannula, and wherein in the movable configuration, the first and secondgripping surfaces extend parallel to a longitudinal axis defined by thecannula and collectively form a second effective diameter that isconfigured to allow for axial movement of the depth limiter relative tothe cannula.

Example 19

The surgical access device assembly of Example 18, wherein the resilientportion is integrally formed together as a unitary piece together withthe first and second gripping surfaces.

Example 20

The surgical access device assembly of any one or more of Examples 18through 19, further comprising an obturator, wherein the obturator isconfigured to removably couple with the cannula along the central axisto facilitate insertion of the surgical access device through a bodywall of the patient.

IV. Miscellaneous

It should be understood that any one or more of the teachings,expressions, embodiments, examples, etc. described herein may becombined with any one or more of the other teachings, expressions,embodiments, examples, etc. that are described herein. Theabove-described teachings, expressions, embodiments, examples, etc.should therefore not be viewed in isolation relative to each other.Various suitable ways in which the teachings herein may be combined willbe readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of theteachings herein. Such modifications and variations are intended to beincluded within the scope of the claims.

Furthermore, any one or more of the teachings herein may be combinedwith any one or more of the teachings disclosed in U.S. Pat. App. No.[Atty. Ref. END9247USNP2], entitled “Multi-Diameter Cannula DepthLimiter,” filed on even date herewith; U.S. Pat. App. No. [Atty. Ref.END9247USNP3], entitled “Pinch-To-Clamp Cannula Depth Limiter,” filed oneven date herewith; U.S. Pat. App. No. [Atty. Ref. END9247USNP4],entitled “Universal Size Multi-Walled Elastomer Cannula Depth Limiter,”filed on even date herewith; U.S. Pat. App. No. [Atty. Ref.END9247USNP5], entitled “Threaded Cannula Depth Limiter,” filed on evendate herewith; U.S. Pat. App. No. [Atty. Ref. END9247USNP6], entitled“Tilting Tang Cannula Depth Limiter,” filed on even date herewith; U.S.Pat. App. No. [Atty. Ref. END9247USNP7], entitled “Two Piece SeparableObturator,” filed on even date herewith; U.S. Pat. App. No. [Atty. Ref.END9247USNP8], entitled “Latchless Obturator with Interference FitFeature,” filed on even date herewith; U.S. Pat. App. No. [Atty. Ref.END9247USNP9], entitled “Balancing Feature for Reusable Trocar,” filedon even date herewith; U.S. Pat. App. No. [Atty. Ref. END9247USNP10],entitled “Airflow Channels and Patterns in Lumen for Cannula,” filed oneven date herewith; and/or U.S. Pat. App. No. [Atty. Ref.END9247USNP11], entitled “Stabilizer for Surgical Shafts or Cannulas,”filed on even date herewith. The disclosure of each of these patentapplications is incorporated by reference herein.

It should be appreciated that any patent, publication, or otherdisclosure material, in whole or in part, that is said to beincorporated by reference herein is incorporated herein only to theextent that the incorporated material does not conflict with existingdefinitions, statements, or other disclosure material set forth in thisdisclosure. As such, and to the extent necessary, the disclosure asexplicitly set forth herein supersedes any conflicting materialincorporated herein by reference. Any material, or portion thereof, thatis said to be incorporated by reference herein, but which conflicts withexisting definitions, statements, or other disclosure material set forthherein will only be incorporated to the extent that no conflict arisesbetween that incorporated material and the existing disclosure material.

Versions of the devices described above may have application inconventional medical treatments and procedures conducted by a medicalprofessional, as well as application in robotic-assisted medicaltreatments and procedures. By way of example only, various teachingsherein may be readily incorporated into a robotic surgical system suchas the DAVINCI™ system by Intuitive Surgical, Inc., of Sunnyvale, Calif.Similarly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize thatvarious teachings herein may be readily combined with various teachingsof any of the following: U.S. Pat. No. 5,792,135, entitled “ArticulatedSurgical Instrument For Performing Minimally Invasive Surgery WithEnhanced Dexterity and Sensitivity,” issued Aug. 11, 1998, thedisclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein; U.S. Pat. No.8,783,541, entitled “Robotically-Controlled Surgical End EffectorSystem,” issued Jul. 22, 2014, the disclosure of which is incorporatedby reference herein; U.S. Pat. No. 8,479,969, entitled “Drive Interfacefor Operably Coupling a Manipulatable Surgical Tool to a Robot,” issuedJul. 9, 2013; U.S. Pat. No. 8,800,838, entitled “Robotically-ControlledCable-Based Surgical End Effectors,” issued Aug. 12, 2014, thedisclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein; and/or U.S.Pat. No. 8,573,465, entitled “Robotically-Controlled Surgical EndEffector System with Rotary Actuated Closure Systems,” issued Nov. 5,2013, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.

Versions of the devices described above may be designed to be disposedof after a single use, or they can be designed to be used multipletimes. Versions may, in either or both cases, be reconditioned for reuseafter at least one use. Reconditioning may include any combination ofthe steps of disassembly of the device, followed by cleaning orreplacement of particular pieces, and subsequent reassembly. Inparticular, some versions of the device may be disassembled, and anynumber of the particular pieces or parts of the device may beselectively replaced or removed in any combination. Upon cleaning and/orreplacement of particular parts, some versions of the device may bereassembled for subsequent use either at a reconditioning facility, orby a user immediately prior to a procedure. Those skilled in the artwill appreciate that reconditioning of a device may utilize a variety oftechniques for disassembly, cleaning/replacement, and reassembly. Use ofsuch techniques, and the resulting reconditioned device, are all withinthe scope of the present application.

By way of example only, versions described herein may be sterilizedbefore and/or after a procedure. In one sterilization technique, thedevice is placed in a closed and sealed container, such as a plastic orTYVEK bag. The container and device may then be placed in a field ofradiation that can penetrate the container, such as gamma radiation,x-rays, or high-energy electrons. The radiation may kill bacteria on thedevice and in the container. The sterilized device may then be stored inthe sterile container for later use. A device may also be sterilizedusing any other technique known in the art, including but not limited tobeta or gamma radiation, ethylene oxide, or steam.

Having shown and described various embodiments of the present invention,further adaptations of the methods and systems described herein may beaccomplished by appropriate modifications by one of ordinary skill inthe art without departing from the scope of the present invention.Several of such potential modifications have been mentioned, and otherswill be apparent to those skilled in the art. For instance, theexamples, embodiments, geometrics, materials, dimensions, ratios, steps,and the like discussed above are illustrative and are not required.Accordingly, the scope of the present invention should be considered interms of the following claims and is understood not to be limited to thedetails of structure and operation shown and described in thespecification and drawings.

1.-20. (canceled)
 21. A depth limiter configured to couple with acannula of a surgical access device, the depth limiter comprising: (a)first and second user contact portions configured to be actuated by auser; (b) a first biasing feature comprising: a first resilient portion,and (ii) a first gripping surface, wherein the first gripping surface isangularly offset from the first user contact portion by approximately 90degrees, wherein the first gripping surface is movably coupled with thefirst resilient portion, wherein the first resilient portion isconfigured to move the first gripping surface from a fixed configurationto a movable configuration when the first user contact portion isactuated by the user; and (c) a second biasing feature comprising: (i) asecond resilient portion, and (ii) a second gripping surface, whereinthe second gripping surface is movably coupled with the second resilientportion, wherein the second resilient portion is configured to move thesecond gripping surface from the fixed configuration to the movableconfiguration when the second user contact portion is actuated by theuser, wherein in the fixed configuration, the first and second grippingsurfaces collectively form a first effective diameter that is configuredto restrict axial movement of the depth limiter relative to the cannulaby directly contacting the cannula, and wherein in the movableconfiguration, the first and second gripping surfaces extend parallel toa longitudinal axis defined by the cannula and collectively form asecond effective diameter that is configured to allow for axial movementof the depth limiter relative to the cannula.
 22. The depth limiter ofclaim 21, wherein the first resilient portion is affixed to the firstgripping surface, wherein the second resilient portion is affixed to thesecond gripping surface.
 23. The depth limiter of claim 21, wherein thefirst and second user contact portions, the first biasing feature, andthe second biasing feature are integrally formed together as a unitarypiece.
 24. The depth limiter of claim 21, wherein the second grippingsurface is angularly offset from the second user contact portion byapproximately 90 degrees, wherein the first user contact portion isangularly offset from the second user contact portion by approximately180 degrees.
 25. The depth limiter of claim 21, wherein the first andsecond gripping surfaces do not completely surround the cannula ineither the fixed configuration or the movable configuration.
 26. Thedepth limiter of claim 21, wherein the first gripping surface isconfigured to contact the cannula at a first discrete region, whereinthe second gripping surface is configured to contact the cannula at asecond discrete region that is spaced from the first discrete region.27. The depth limiter of claim 26, wherein the first and second grippingsurfaces are disposed circumferentially opposite one another and areconfigured to directly contact circumferentially opposite sides of thecannula in the fixed configuration.
 28. The depth limiter of claim 21,wherein the first and second gripping surfaces are spaced apart from oneanother in both of the fixed and movable configurations.
 29. The depthlimiter of claim 21, wherein the cannula includes a plurality of tissuegripping features, wherein at least one of the first or second grippingsurfaces includes a smooth surface that is configured to frictionallyengage the tissue gripping features of the cannula in the fixedconfiguration and not frictionally engage the tissue gripping featuresof the cannula in the movable configuration.
 30. The depth limiter ofclaim 21, wherein the cannula includes a plurality of tissue grippingfeatures, wherein at least one of the first or second gripping surfacesincludes at least one engagement feature configured to lockingly engagewith at least one of the tissue gripping features of the cannula in thefixed configuration and not lockingly engage with the tissue grippingfeatures of the cannula in the movable configuration.
 31. The depthlimiter of claim 21, wherein the cannula includes a plurality of tissuegripping features, wherein at least one of the first or second grippingsurfaces includes a plurality of engagement features configured tolockingly engage with the tissue gripping features of the cannula in thefixed configuration and not lockingly engage with the tissue grippingfeatures of the cannula in the movable configuration.
 32. The depthlimiter of claim 21, wherein the first resilient portion includes firstand second biasing arms that are disposed opposite one another, whereinthe second resilient portion includes first and second biasing arms thatare disposed opposite one another.
 33. The depth limiter of claim 21,wherein a height of the first user contact portion is greater than aheight of the first resilient portion, wherein each height of the firstuser contact portion and the first resilient portion is taken parallelto the longitudinal axis.
 34. The depth limiter of claim 21, wherein athickness of the first user contact portion is greater than a thicknessof the first resilient portion, wherein each thickness of the first usercontact portion and the first resilient portion is taken radially fromthe longitudinal axis.
 35. The depth limiter of claim 21, the firstbiasing feature further comprising an arm positioned between the firstresilient portion and the first gripping surface, wherein the arm isconfigured to move to move the first gripping surface from the fixedconfiguration to the movable configuration.
 36. A depth limiterconfigured to couple with a cannula of a surgical access device, thedepth limiter comprising: (a) first and second user contact portionsconfigured to be actuated by a user, wherein the first and second usercontact portions are positioned on opposing sides of the depth limiter;(b) a housing comprising an opening extending through the housing,wherein the opening extends along a longitudinal axis and is sized toreceive the cannula of the surgical access device, wherein the first andsecond user contact portions are positioned along the housing; (c) abiasing feature at least partially defining the opening, wherein thefirst and second user contact portions are configured to transition thebiasing feature between a fixed configuration and a movableconfiguration; and (d) a gripping surface positioned within the openingand along the biasing feature, wherein the gripping surface isconfigured to couple with the cannula of the surgical access device whenthe biasing feature is in the fixed configuration to thereby inhibitlongitudinal translation of the depth limiter along the cannula, and todecouple from the cannula when the biasing feature is in the movableconfiguration to allow longitudinal translation of the depth limiteralong the cannula, wherein the gripping surface includes a plurality ofteeth, wherein each tooth of the plurality of teeth extends angularlyrelative to the longitudinal axis and is configured to engage a rib ofthe cannula of the surgical access device to thereby inhibitlongitudinal translation of the depth limiter along the cannula when thebiasing feature is in the fixed configuration.
 37. The depth limiter ofclaim 36, wherein the biasing feature is configured to transition theopening between having a first effective diameter and a second effectivediameter, wherein gripping surface is configured to engage the cannulawhen the opening has the first effective diameter and to disengage thecannula when the opening has the second effective diameter.
 38. Thedepth limiter of claim 36, wherein the gripping surface is angularlyoffset along the longitudinal axis from each of the first and seconduser contact portions by approximately 90 degrees.
 39. A surgical accessdevice assembly comprising: (a) a cannula having a tube defining aworking channel configured to guide a surgical instrument along acentral axis of the cannula; and (b) a depth limiter comprising: firstand second user contact portions configured to be actuated by a user,the first and second user contact portions being positioned on opposingsides of the cannula; (ii) a first biasing feature comprising: (A) afirst resilient portion, and (B) a first gripping surface movablycoupled with the first resilient portion, and (iii) a second biasingfeature comprising: (A) a second resilient portion, and (B) a secondgripping surface, movably coupled with the second resilient portion,wherein each of the first and second gripping surfaces is angularlyoffset from the first user contact portion by approximately 90 degreesabout the central axis, wherein the first and second gripping surfacesare actuatable by the first and second user contact portions,respectively, between a fixed configuration and a movable configuration,wherein in the fixed configuration, the first and second grippingsurfaces collectively form a first effective diameter that is configuredto restrict axial movement of the depth limiter relative to the cannulaby directly contacting the tube, and wherein in the movableconfiguration, the first and second gripping surfaces collectively forma second effective diameter that is configured to allow for axialmovement of the depth limiter relative to the cannula.
 40. The depthlimiter of claim 39, wherein each of the first and second grippingsurfaces extends parallel to the central axis when in the movableconfiguration.